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Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 59 to 61

7/18/2025

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As the tree, branches and pillars cause delight by upholding the house, so God causes bliss to all by upholding or sustaining them.
Men should know and adore the lord who has revealed the Vedas-repositories of all sciences for giving that perfect knowledge to noble persons, who is the most exalted and the Support of all.
Men should know that as in the light of the Sun, all works are well-accomplished, in the same way, all acts are accomplished well when God is earnestly and sincerely worshipped. Those who thus adore the Lord in right earnest, never lose happiness and wealth. They never feel misery and poverty.
As the earth and the light of the sun make all happy by upholding them, as the parents or teachers always try to bring about the welfare of their children or pupils, as God is always engaged in doing good to His subjects, in the same way, the President of the Assembly should endeavor to do good to all is what the Vedas teach.
The members of the council of ministers or assemblies should adore God as the Lord of all, on account of His Omnipotence. The President of the Assembly should be resorted to on account of his extra-ordinary virtues. He should conquer his enemies in battles, please righteous persons, protect his subjects, serve the learned and keep company with them.
God alone should be adored by all persons whose great glory is manifested by this whole world.
God who is present like electricity in innumerable substances and is the cause of numberless acts and movements, upholds the entire world. He who knows the Science of God, is worshipped of respected by all.

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 60

As air upholds fire and electricity etc. and thus sustains the worlds, in the same manner, the officers of the State should keep the subjects in justice with knowledge and righteousness.
Those persons should be served as parents who are admired by learned, righteous and just men and by whose humility all are pleased.
Men should honor those persons who cause people to renounce all evil and tread upon the path of righteousness.
Men should never appoint an unrighteous and un-educated person in charge of the administration.
As, men reach the destination quickly by yoking speedy horses in the carriages, in the same way, by associating with the learned, men can attain much knowledge.

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 61

Men should appoint praise worthy officers of the State, should pay to them taxes etc. and respect them by inviting them and they also should show proper respect to their subjects.
Men should not accept another President of the Assembly having given up one who has been well-tested, highly learned, benevolent, righteous and aged or experienced. They should honor him well and always please him.
As learned people try their best to bring about the welfare of men, in the same manner, men should also endeavor to honor them.
As a Carpenter constructs a strong chariot or car for going to distant places and uses all necessary implements to accomplish his purpose, enjoys happiness by travelling comfortably, in the same manner, a man should, constantly attain joy sitting at the feet of a highly learned person acquiring knowledge under him and easily accomplishing Dharma (righteousness) Artha (Wealth) Kama (fulfilment of noble desires) and Moksha (emancipation).
As men accomplish their works by harnessing speedy horses in the chariots and going to distant places to achieve their objects, in the same manner, men should accomplish all their purposes by associating themselves with highly learned and brave persons.
As the sun dissipates the cloud with his splendor, makes it fall down on earth and causing rain gives happiness to all, in the same manner, the President of the Assembly, should gladden all people by his knowledge, humility and other virtues, by getting trained his army well in battles and by conquering his foes.
As the sun gets victory over the cloud destroying it with his rays and preserving food materials, water and sap etc. in the same manner, brave persons under the commander of an army should be victorious over their foes.
As before the power and majesty of the sun, the vastness of the earth etc. is insignificant, in the same manner, a foolish person has no value before a highly learned man, possessing perfect knowledge.
Men should accomplish all works having chosen a kind man as President of the Assembly who is most virtuous like the sun that surpasses the earth and other worlds in his glory, attributes and measurement.
As, with the help of lightning, the Sun rises and with the help of the Sun, lightning illuminates the world and disintegrates the clouds and makes them fall to the ground. Just as a herder of cows makes the cows happy by freeing them from bondage, similarly the members of the Assembly and the soldiers of the army should make the righteous people happy by freeing them from the bonds of sorrow by protecting justice and disintegrating the enemies.
The man, who becomes happy and glorious by serving the kingdom of the earth with the help of the Chairman of the Assembly etc. or by conquering the enemy, is capable of churning out all the enemies and provoking them.
Just as you divide different letters and syllables by piercing the palate etc. with the life-breath, similarly, you should be victorious by disintegrating the enemy's strength and dividing its body parts.
People should always respect the Chairmen of the Assemblies etc. by praising and encouraging them for their knowledge, humility, defeating enemies et cetera. Through these royal men like the Chairman of the Assembly, the education of weapons and scriptures and the skilful art of craft, the warriors in the army should be gathered and the people should be continuously protected by defeating the enemies.
Certainly, without God having created the world with the best qualities like knowledge etc., the people can’t obey the President of the Assembly etc. and just as the Sun cannot be capable of illuminating and sustaining all the worlds, hence by acquiring the best qualities like knowledge etc., the best is the work of praising God.
The one who gives a lot of happiness to humans, who knows horse knowledge etc. and is an incomparable effort-making learned person, should be appointed for protection and should also collect the knowledge of electricity.
All human beings should be made scholars through good education and donation of knowledge through philanthropic scholars' daily efforts. These scholars should serve them daily with delicious food prepared with hospitality in mind and speech. No righteousness is better than donating and receiving knowledge, hence one should always progress knowledge by loving each other.

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Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 56 to 58

7/11/2025

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We shall discuss the hymns, Sukta wise & Mandala wise. Our focus is on the implicit meaning of the various hymns instead of literal translations of the hymns. These purported meanings are based primarily on the English translations by Swami Dharmanand Saraswati of the works done by Swami Dayanand Saraswati.

Highlights –
All boys and girls should study sciences and enter into wedlock after knowing merits of one another & should have mutual love for domestic happiness. If they are highly learned, they should teach boys & girls, otherwise discharge other duties according to their merits & temperaments. Husband & wife should be source of happiness to all by their good character and conduct.

A humble righteous, mighty and industrious person should be selected for the position of head in the Assembly, Educational Institutes and Army. Men should constantly enjoy happiness by meditating up on the infinite power of God. The soul is ever pervaded by God who is eternal, Absolute Existence, Absolute Conscious, Perfect Bliss, Omnipotent, Self-refulgent, the Support, Creator of the world, Infinite, Omnipresent Supreme Being The soul is eternal, conscious, finite and not omniscient. The soul is the free doer of actions and enjoys soon the fruits of its good or bad actions in the form of happiness and misery. The soul in the body is the impeller of the body, its organs and inner senses, their upholder, controller, master, possessing desires, malice, volition, happiness. misery and consciousness. The knowers of the real nature of the soul get extreme happiness and joy.

The hymn wise, purported explanations –

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 56

A preacher should marry a learned lady like himself. As he preaches among men-and teaches the boys, his wife should preach among women and should teach girls. By so doing ignorance and fear cannot remain anywhere.
All boys and girls should study all sciences with the observance of Brahmacharya (continence) and after the attainment of full youth, they should enter into wedlock, having known and tested one another's merits, actions and temperaments and after the development of mutual love. If they are highly learned, they should teach boys and girls, otherwise, they should discharge the duties of the Kshatriyas, Vaishyas or Shudras to which ever Varna (class-not caste by birth) they belong according to their merits, actions and temperament.
That marriage is the best where the bride and the bridegroom are of suitable beauty and temperament, but the power and the age of the bridegroom should be equal to one and half of the bride.
When a husband loves his wife and the wife loves the husband, it is only then that domestic happiness follows
As the solar world by its light, attraction and other attributes, makes all worlds rotate in their axis and drawing the sap by its splendour in all directions causes rain and thus sustains all people, in the same manner, husband and wife should behave. (They should be source of happiness to all by their good character and conduct).
As learned persons manifest justice like the sun and protect the people by casting aside or crushing all enemies, so we should also do. In this hymn, there is the mention of the attributes of the sun, lightning and President of the Assembly etc. so it has connection with the previous hymn.

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 57

As the water becomes clean and steady going from higher place to the tank below, in the same way, wealth becomes in exhaustible and secure (steady) in the hands of a humble righteous mighty and industrious person, who having acquired the royal prosperity, gives it for the welfare of all, for the development of knowledge and for the growth of physical and spiritual power. We should enthrone only such a liberal hero for the Presidentship or the Assembly, Educational Institutes and Army.
As the lions and other wild beasts in the mountain and waters in the cloud become safe and secure, so the subjects become firmly established in happiness and bliss by resorting to the President of the Assembly etc.
Men should appoint a very admirable virtuous person who sets aside all injustices the morning dispels all darkness, in charge of the battles as the Commander of the Army. They should appoint a person who adorns all with education, wisdom, army, humility and the observance of justice and who gladdens all by providing wealth and food etc. as President of the Assembly.
Those persons only become worthy of reverence who do not accept any one else except God as Averrable and who do not accept anything that is not in accordance with the teachings of the Vedas-revealed by God.
Men should constantly enjoy happiness by meditating up on the infinite power of God, thereby fulfilling their own noble desires and acquiring the kingdom of the earth.
Men should appoint as commander of the Army and President of the Assembly etc. a mighty and learned person who is the destroyer of his enemies and is engaged in preserving the people.

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 58

O men, you should know that the soul is ever pervaded by God who is eternal, Absolute Existence, Absolute Conscious pervaded-ness and Perfect Bliss, Omnipotent, Self-refulgent, the Support and Creator of the world, Infinite, Omnipresent Supreme Being The soul is eternal, conscious, finite and not omniscient.
Men should know that the soul is the free doer of actions and enjoys soon the fruits of its good or bad actions in the form of happiness and misery under the Superintendence of God. It is upheld by Perfect God and based upon the sky and other substances for its nourishment. It illumines the intellect and mind etc.
The souls are those which move on earth with the Pranas (vital breaths), which play so to speak with bodies like the chariots and which desire good articles and happiness.
God tells all men. What I have taught through the Vedas, is the real nature of your soul. You should know it well.
Men should know that the soul in the body is the impeller of the body, its organs and inner senses, their upholder, controller, master, possessing desires, malice, volition, happiness. misery and consciousness.
As men enjoy happiness by acquiring knowledge, wealth and friends, in the same manner, the knowers of the real nature of the soul get extreme happiness and joy.
Those men who know God after acquiring the knowledge of their own soul, attain emancipation.
O knowers of the soul and God, make all people happy by casting away the misery of all through the sermons on the real nature of the soul and God.

Men should accept that learned man to be the President of the Assembly etc. who being endowed with Dharma (righteousness) and humility governs well and protects all people.

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Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 54 & 55

7/4/2025

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We shall discuss the hymns, Sukta wise & Mandala wise. Our focus is on the implicit meaning of the various hymns instead of literal translations of the hymns. These purported meanings are based primarily on the English translations by Swami Dharmanand Saraswati of the works done by Swami Dayanand Saraswati.

Highlights –
Unrighteousness causes suffering. Those, who take shelter of supreme being or head of state with universal virtues, tread on righteous path. Head of state like God should punish the wicked and protect righteous persons. Head of State should have good knowledge, humility, justice and strong army consisting of brave persons. Head of state and its ministers should be benevolent and provide good governance.

A man most exalted on account of his virtues should be made the President of the Assembly or the Council of Ministers etc. And he being righteous himself should be terrifier of the wicked and giver of happiness to the righteous. Those persons are benevolent to all who earn industriously and enjoy wealth. Heads should acquire knowledge, intelligence, humility and righteousness; and should be fierce to the wicked but full of forgiveness and mild to the righteous. The duty of the teacher and the preacher to remove or set aside all superstition and to make all people happy by giving the light of knowledge and justice and to establish the observance of true conduct.

The hymn wise, purported explanations –

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 54

Men should know that God's Power is Infinite and when He is adored sincerely and earnestly, He can make them turn away from the path of unrighteousness which causes suffering and can make them happy. As God is infinite, no one can grasp His end, therefore who is such an unfortunate person who should worship anyone else having given up His worship?
Men should approach and take shelter in that President of the Assembly etc. who on account of supremacy in his universal virtues keeps all in the path of righteousness governing all with justice and law.
Men should have a State or Kingdom which obeys the commands of the Lord and is therefore dear to Him and which is governed by the President of the Assembly (responsible to the Assembly) and not autocratic, so that there may not be misery, injustice, laziness, ignorance and discord among the people and fear from enemies.
As God punishes and causes suffering to the wicked according to their sins, in the same manner, the President of the Assembly or King should train his army by giving proper training in arms and weapons and by restraining the wicked, should protect and preserve righteous subjects.
As God governs over the whole world by His Eternal knowledge and with justice and as the sun cuts into pieces the cloud, in the same manner, the President of the Assembly (King) should govern righteously and should slay his enemies.
Men should not appoint or elect as king a person who cannot protect or preserve the State.
None can administer a State, conquer enemies and get happiness without good knowledge, humility, justice and strong army consisting of brave persons. Therefore, the President of the Council of Ministers must do all this.
The Officers of the State should not oppose or go against the legitimate interests of the subjects and the subjects should not revolt against the officers of the State. But they should mutually love and do good to one another and thus should multiply happiness the State. Without doing this, the law and order in the State cannot be firm and secure.
The President of the Assembly or the Commander of the Army should maintain an army of well-trained and well-fed brave soldiers and should protect the subjects through them, giving them all happiness. These brave people should also always satisfy the President of the Assembly or the Commander-in-Chief of the Army, so that all their noble desires may be fulfilled.
As the air upholds the water that the Sun draws out and takes to the firmament, when together this assumes the form of a mountain and covers the light of the sun, the lightening falls it down on earth. From that, rivers and streams of various forms flow down, sometimes cutting the pieces of the land, mountain and trees etc. Then that water goes to the sea or the firmament and rains again and again, so should the king and other officers of the State. (They should be of benevolent nature like the sun, air, clouds and rivers etc.)

The President of the Council of the Ministers etc. should protect and preserve all people, make them all learned and well-trained and thus multiply wealth and vast and good government.

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 55

As the solar is the greatest among the worlds, as the bull is mighty among the herd of cows, in the same manner, a man most exalted on account of his virtues should be made the President of the Assembly or the Council of Ministers etc. And he being righteous himself should be terrifier of the wicked and giver of happiness to the righteous.
As the ocean keeps in itself many jewels and many rivers by its greatness or vastness, in the same manner, the President of the Assembly or the Council of ministers should accept various articles and armies, defeat the wicked and protect the noble persons and thus extend his glory.
Those persons are benevolent to all who earn industriously and enjoy wealth, associated with the President of the Assembly having acquired knowledge, intelligence, humility righteousness and brave army, are fierce to the wicked but full of forgiveness and mild to the righteous.
A highly learned scholar should make all people full of knowledge free and safe by giving them instructions in various sciences, so that they may ever enjoy happiness being free from all doubts.
As the sun gives delight to all with his rays, demolishing the cloud and making it rain down, in the same way, it is the duty of the teacher and the preacher to remove or set aside all superstition and to make all people happy by giving the light of knowledge and justice.
Men should know that that person is doer of good to all who like the sun being the illuminator of knowledge, righteousness and politics, makes all full of good knowledge.
As good charioteers train horses and keep them under their control, in the same manner, the teachers and preachers by their knowledge and sermons keep all established or firm in the observance of true conduct. None can make men righteous without their assistance.
As cultured learned men possess in-exhaustible knowledge, strength wealth and good actions, in the same manner, other people also should try to do.

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Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 52 & 53

6/28/2025

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The man who like the sun, maintains his army properly and like the cloud producing grain by raining, increases the strength of soldiers, standing firm like the mountain, in his joyful state, having slayed his enemies, can develop the State thoroughly.
Men should elect only such a person as President of the Assembly as nourishes the people like the cloud and rains happiness like the sun.
As rivers become established by reaching the ocean or the firmament, all subjects become established in happiness by approaching the learned President with his assembly.
As the waters go towards a low place, in the same way, the President of the Assembly should be humble, meek and unassuming.
It is the duty of men to behave like the sun (for dispelling the darkness of ignorance) and like the cloud by raining down happiness and peace and manifest the rain of knowledge and justice.
As the water becomes pure and secure going to a lower level, in the same manner, the workers of the State become firmly established and purifiers of all, having approached a virtuous and humble person.
As the sun upholds all worlds with his power and attraction draws the water up and having rained it produces divine happiness, in the same manner, the assembly should possess all noble virtues, attract prosperity from all sides and having distributed wealth among the deserving and needy persons, should manifest bliss among the people.
The learned and righteous person who acquires the wealth of knowledge, kingdom, vigour, strength and the co-operation of men, enjoys good happiness.
The Commander of the Army and others should behave towards their enemies like the rays of the sun and the cloud, tearing them off.

The officers and workers of the State should also put forth their united efforts to increase happiness and virtues.
God is perfectly free from all misery, the most exalted Supreme Being who creates all worlds by His power and pervades them. He is the Dispenser of justice giving the fruits of the good or bad actions done by the souls, thus keeping law and order in the Universe. The President of the Assembly or King also should follow Him (God) and give happiness to all.
We should adore God only knowing that He is the Creator and measurer of this world, Omnipresent Illuminator of Truth and therefore there is none, has never been and will never be like or equal to Him.
As none can reach the end of any attribute of God, as God punishes the wicked by giving them suffering or as the sun cuts into pieces the cloud like a fighter, so should all righteous persons be. (They should be virtuous and just).
Those learned persons ever enjoy happiness who worship one God only, and having acquired knowledge and conquered their enemies, gladden their subjects.

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 53

As sleeping men take rest, in the same way, having ever accepted refined speech with education and culture and having done noble deeds and giving up indolence, men should endeavour to have the light of true praise of all articles.
There is none giver of all happiness and requisite articles except a righteous and learned person who becomes pure and benevolent in his nature like God. But only those who are friendly to all and have acquired good education can enjoy this happiness and none else.
A man cannot fulfil his desires without the Grace of God and the association with absolutely truthful learned persons like the President of the Assembly and others. Therefore, men should adore God and associate with the learned wise men so that they may be able to accomplish their noble desires.
The President of the Assembly or the commander of the army who gives us happiness by dispelling all ignorance and poverty, by conquering enemies and by educating all should be approached by all. No one can enjoy worldly happiness without his help. Therefore, all should begin the performance of all righteous acts and the enjoyment of all legitimate happiness.
None can accomplish all objects without the help of the learned persons. None can defeat enemies without the powerful, healthy and educated army consisting of righteous and brave persons and endowed with requisite implements and parts. Therefore, a King must possess such a strong army.
All men should enjoy bliss by associating themselves with the righteous noble persons and by adopting all legitimate means for the purpose. The Mantra is also equally applicable to the Acharya or Preceptor of an educational institution like the Gurukul whose duty it is, to remove all obstacles to the progress of his pupils and make them happy and healthy. It is the duty of the taught to obey their teachers and to delight them with their proper conduct and character.
Men should make many friends, should with their help drive away wicked foes, should destroy the bands and cities of the enemies, should cast into prison all unjust persons and by ruling over very vast righteous Government should attain prosperity.
The officers of the State should destroy their enemies and protect the substances and beings in order to honour highly learned, benevolent righteous guests and thus administer the State lawfully and righteously. The dogs should be trained properly and utilized for watch as other animals cannot protect their masters like them, they being most faithful.
An emperor should rule over the vast country righteously pleasing all sub-ordinate kings, their servants, house-holders or recluses, protecting all those who approach him for shelter. The officers of the State should duly protect and punish all according to their good or bad deeds.
It is the duty of the officers of the State to drive away all enemies and to keep all happy by protecting them well. They should always have at heart the progress and prosperity of the State. The Acharya or Principal of the educational institution should educate all and should make them well-versed in the use of various weapons, so that they may protect the people.

All men should enjoy fully mature life or ripe old age (of at least a hundred years) being friendly to one another and making all men and women educated, having control over their senses and urging upon others to do the same.

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Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 49 to 51

5/16/2025

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We shall discuss the hymns, Sukta wise & Mandala wise. Our focus is on the implicit meaning of the various hymns instead of literal translations of the hymns. These purported meanings are based primarily on the English translations by Swami Dharmanand Saraswati of the works done by Swami Dayanand Saraswati.

Highlights –
The Sukta 49 to 51 of Mandala 1 teaches about the value system and virtues. Whether women or married couples both should follow the virtuous values and appreciate these. All should keep the company of leaned & virtuous people. Highly educated people should marry with the righteous woman. All married couples should observe perfect chastity and faithfulness to each other without any default. King, head of the institution, commander, etc. all should be respected because of their virtues.
Men should get rid of all diseases and acquire strength by adopting necessary means, using fruits, herbs and ointments etc.

It is the duty of the President of the Assembly, the Commander of the army and other officers of the State to kill their enemies like the sun dispelling darkness, to protect the righteous, to tread upon the noble path, to bear infinite might and to increase their influence to put an end to their' foes. If the power remains in the hands of the righteous and noble persons, the happiness of all increases thereby, but on the other hand, if it is in the hands of the wicked, it causes suffering and misery to all.

Men should give up the bad habits of wicked ignoble people and cultivate noble disposition. Men should become righteous, dispelling all darkness of ignorance of the people, they should accept Dharma and renounce Adharma (unrighteousness). Learned persons should bring about the welfare of all beings. All men should associate themselves with learned persons and enjoy happiness and bliss in this world by adoring God and keeping company with the wise learned people with perfect love.

The hymn wise, purported explanations –

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 49

As the Dawn born from the horizon (association of the light of the sun with the earth) when turned into day, gladdens all manifesting all objects, in the same way, a woman endowed with Brahmacharya (continence) and Vidya (Knowledge) is to be admired.

Men should know that as by the light, things look beautiful, in the same way, by the association of learned auspicious virtuous wife, all domestic works are well accomplished and there is noble progeny.
As the Dawn divides the year into the moments, hours, days, months, seasons etc. in the same manner, a wife should divide her domestic duties regularly.
The learned persons should know and teach others that a woman behaving like the Dawn dispelling the darkness (of ignorance) is admirable.

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 50

As the rays bear the sun, highly educated persons should urge upon all learned men to marry educated and righteous women suitable or agreeable to themselves.

Just as the constellations and the moon live with breath and body in the night, so should married men and women live.
As the sun and the blazing fires, shine outside, in the same way, there is the light of God in the inner soul. All men should try to acquire this knowledge by all means. By His command, all married couples should observe perfect chastity and faithfulness to each other by renouncing all kinds of infidelity of un-chastity.
As the sun and the electricity illuminate external gross or embodied objects, God illuminates the whole world.
Because God is Omnipresent, the Inner Spirit pervading all and witness of all actions, He alone is worthy of adoration and communion.
None can attain true knowledge and purity without the adoration or worship of God (through communion) therefore He alone should be adored by all persons.
All men should know and believe that God who creates the sun and other objects of the world, is the proper giver of the fruits of the meritorious or sinful actions of all souls having seen them thoroughly and is the True and just Sovereign of all.
O men, you should know that at it is not possible to have the vision of the sun without his rays, so it is not possible to have thorough knowledge or Darshan (perfect realization) of God without the study of the Vedas.
God alone should be adored by all men, who is Self-effulgent like the sun, pervading all like the sky and purifier of His devotees.
Men should know that there is none who is equal to God, the Supreme Being and none can get emancipation without attaining Him.
As on the rising of the sun, darkness and thieves etc. disappear, in the same manner, when a good physician comes, all wrong way of diet or causes of ill-health and diseases go away.
Men should get rid of all diseases and acquire strength by adopting necessary means, using fruits, herbs and ointments etc.
Men should act like the omnipotent God or the cause of strength like the Prana (vital energy) or electricity. They should be friendly to all righteous persons and should preserve all subjects.

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 51

Men should honor that king only who, on account of his many virtues, is shining like the sun. Without such a mighty king, it is not possible for anyone to enjoy happiness.
All should take shelter in à virtuous person who is admired and advised by highly intelligent righteous people.
Unless and until the Commander of the army and other military officers become mighty like the sun, they cannot achieve victory over their enemies.
Men should know that it is God who has created the sun that attracts all the worlds, and causes rain and gives happiness to all by illuminating them. (The President of the Assembly should imitate God in discharging his duties and should be full of splendor and mighty like the sun.)
Only that president of the assembly or the Commander of the army commands respect of the people who with his truth and justice, gives good or bad fruit to the righteous and unrighteous persons respectively and thus protects the people.
It is the duty of the President of the Assembly, the Commander of the army and other officers of the State to kill their enemies like the sun dispelling darkness, to protect the righteous, to tread upon the noble path, to bear infinite might and to increase their influence to put an end to their' foes.
If the power remains in the hands of the righteous and noble persons, the happiness of all increases thereby, but on the other hand, if it is in the hands of the wicked, it causes suffering and misery to all. Therefore, it is the duty of all to help in the growth of happiness and strength of the righteous persons and diminution of the power of the wicked.
Men should give up the bad habits of wicked ignoble people and cultivate noble disposition. Those persons only can become Aryas who constantly endeavor to spread knowledge for the accomplishment of good or legitimate enjoyment of all articles and for the removal of un-righteousness and unrighteous persons. None can become a learned, righteous person of noble disposition without the company, study and teaching of the Aryas. Therefore, everyone should always perform good deeds, cultivate good habits and give up all ignoble acts and should thus enjoy happiness.
Men should become righteous, dispelling all darkness of ignorance of the people, They should accept Dharma and renounce Adharma (unrighteousness) after proper deliberation and should prompt others also to do the same. They should keep company with noble righteous persons and give up the association of the ignoble and thus should remain in good order of the society.
Without the help and guidance of the learned commander in-chief of the army, it is not possible to establish law and order on earth, the destruction of the power of the enemies, the manifestation and diffusion of knowledge and noble virtues and the acquisition of food materials and other articles.
Men should appoint only such a person as the President or Officer-in-charge of the Assembly etc. who is a highly learned poet, well-versed in all Shastras and destroyer of crookedness, fierce for the wicked but mild and kind towards the righteous persons, increaser of the strength of the State.
None can enjoy happiness without the use of aero planes and other vehicles and the association with the learned persons. Therefore, one should enjoy bliss by organizing the conferences of highly learned persons and by the knowledge and application of physics and other sciences.
Learned persons should bring about the welfare of all beings by giving instructions about fire, electricity and other scientific and technical subjects.
As it is with the help of the light of the sun that many works are accomplished, the same way, with the guidance given by the learned and with the proper combination of fire, water etc. that men can acquire wealth by making various kinds of vehicles and using them.
All men should associate themselves with learned persons and enjoy happiness and bliss in this world by adoring God and keeping company with the wise learned people with perfect love.

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Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 47 & 48

4/25/2025

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The President of the Assembly and other officers of the State should take the essence of the herbs and being mighty should increase the prosperity of their subjects.
Men should visualize the practical activities along with the theoretical scientific knowledge and then should accomplish all dealings.
As the sun and air dispel darkness and help in the growth of Soma and other plants, in the same manner, the President of the Assembly and commander of the army destroy misery and increase the wealth or prosperity by making proper arrangements for their growth.
As men can go everywhere after acquiring knowledge from the learned people, manufacturing various vehicles and combining water in proper proportion, they cannot do so otherwise.
The President of the Assembly and the commander of the Army should protect their subjects and their armies incessantly as they preserve their own wealth.
The Officers of the State like the President of the Assembly and others should obtain much wealth for the welfare of the army and the people should manufacture many vehicles like the aero plane to take wealth away to distant places beyond the seas for business etc. and should make all happy.
It is the duty of the President of the Council of Ministers and the Commander of the Army to make arrangements for the construction of such vehicles as may travel in the firmament and take to distant countries.

The officers and people of the State should give to one another good things and should enjoy happiness.
Just as the royal men try for their own interest, in the same way, they must try for the happiness of the people as well.
The officers and people of the State should attend the assembly of the learned persons and should listen to their sermons, so that they may know their duties well.

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 48

As the dawn makes men industrious, impelling them to be active and making them happy with the achievement of great substance and when in the evening, she makes them retire, in the same manner, the parents should urge upon their daughters to acquire wisdom and good education.
As the charming dawn makes all beings happy, in the same manner, wives should constantly make their husbands, and other relations, delighted and full of joy.
It is only a person who gets a learned wife, quite agreeable to him enjoys happiness and none else (as a house holder).
Those men who sitting in a quiet and pure solitary place, practice nine parts of Yoga including Sanyama, become siddhas, pure in mind word and deed. Those who associate with them and serve them also purify their minds and become seekers after Atma (God and Soul) and Yoga.
As the Usha (Dawn) is pure and giver of happiness and suitable for the practice of Yoga, so the women should be.
As women get their objects by dealing with labour, in the same manner, the dawn with her light gets the right of her dealing. As she awakens all people by creating the day and sends them to pursue their different vocations and makes them rest at night, the woman should also behave like her. She should make all busy by her own example and dispel all darkness of ignorance.
As chaste women serve their husbands regularly, as the Association of the Dawn with the objects is from a distance, in the same manner, the marriage of the bridegrooms should be arranged with the brides of distant places, so that the love between them may ever grow. The marriage between parties living close to each other causes trouble, while as that of the matches belonging to distant places is generally source of happiness.

As a good woman accomplishes all good works casting aside all obstacles, in the same way, the Dawn drives away with her light robbers, thieves and enemies and helps to accomplish noble acts.
As a good girl illuminates both the families of her parents and husband, in the same way, the Dawn reveals both gross and subtle objects.
As all living creatures are pleased with and get happiness by the dawn, in the same manner, those husbands who are pleased and contented with their noble wives, enjoy all -happiness and bliss.
O men, as the sun makes all beings delighted after turning the Dawn into day, in the same manner, you should please and adorn your wives and wives should please you. In this way, by mutual love and service all should enjoy happiness.
As this Dawn by her appearance causes us to attain pure water, air and light etc., removing all evils and revealing all noble objects, a noble lady should be of the same nature in the discharge of her domestic duties.
As without the Dawn which is followed by day, works cannot be accomplished easily and things cannot be seen in their true form, in the same manner, without a chaste and noble woman, domestic happiness cannot be attained.
None should imitate foolish people. As learned persons reveal the attributes of all objects and thereby spread knowledge and do good to all and as this Usha (Dawn) makes all happy by manifesting all objects by her light, in the same manner, women endowed with wisdom should adorn and illuminate the knowledge of all sciences in the world.
As the Dawn manifests by her light all the paths and doors, in the same manner, men should build houses that may be source of happiness in all seasons and by keeping there all enjoyable necessary objects should always be delighted.
Men should possess the knowledge of the attributes of the Dawn as taught by the learned and thereby acquire with exertion all objects that cause happiness. It is by the proper training or education given by the mothers that children become good. In this hymn, the attributes of girls and women have been taught by the illustration of the Dawn, and so this hymn is connected with the previous hymn.

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Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 45 & 46

4/18/2025

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People should keep their sons’ celibate for at least twenty-five years and maximum forty-eight years and daughters for at least sixteen years and maximum twenty-four years, after giving complete and good education to their daughters, marry them according to the method called Swayambar (self-selection of spouse by groom or bride), so that everyone becomes happy.
When learned scientists give the correct and clear knowledge of thirty-three devas (divine or useful objects) to their pupils, they are able to accomplish many good works with the help of electricity and other substances.
O men, you should behave like those persons who are lovers of all, who are free from physical, vocal and mental defects, who have practical knowledge of all sciences and who regard all as their own lives and accomplish works dear to all men.
None can accomplish good works without the association of the righteous and learned persons. Therefore, all should acquire thorough knowledge of all sciences with their association.
Only those persons can enjoy all happiness, who receive education and knowledge from a learned mother, a learned father and a preceptor, who is knower of the Vedas. They can accomplish both secular and spiritual dealings along with science (Metaphysical and physical) and industry. None else can do so.

Men should acquire the knowledge of various sciences by sitting at the feet of a learned person who is like the fire endowed with many attributes.
Those persons who always endeavour for the propagation of knowledge and accomplishment of good deeds, can attain the prosperity of vast and good Government and wealth of wisdom, do not grieve.
It is the duty of the learned persons to give instructions gradually about the things and acts that produce good happiness, after visualizing them with knowledge and experiments, so that all their works may be accomplished.
Men should associate themselves only with those who give good things in charity to virtuous persons. None can enjoy divine happiness without the association and instructions of the persons endowed with knowledge and exertion.
Men should always invite good people, honour them, acquire from them the knowledge of all things, purify and derive proper benefit from them and spread that knowledge.

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 46

O learned lady, as the wonderful dear dawn who is like the daughter of sky, shines forth and scatters darkness, so you shine forth on account of your noble virtues. As you praise lady teachers who are like the sun and the moon and preachers, so I also praise you much and keep you always happy.
As the fire and the water when methodically used by expert artisans are conveyers of the Vehicles swiftly, like the mind and means of obtaining much wealth, so the teachers and the preachers should also be.
If men get the knowledge of the arts and industries sitting at the feet of great scholars (or scientists) they are able to fly in the air like the birds by constructing aero planes and other suitable vehicles.
A man should nourish and support all beings and things as the sun does by giving light and raining down waters etc.
The officers and workers of the State should conquer their enemies by their powerful might and multiply their own and the wealth of their subjects.
As the sun and the moon dispel the darkness and thus make people happy, in the same manner, the President of the assembly and the Commander of the Army should cast aside all injustice and make people happy and contented.
Men should come and go by a Chariot on land, by a boat or ship to the river or sea and by aero plane on the sky.
None can travel by land, sea and firmament comfortably without the vehicles driven by the combination of the fire, water and other suitable articles.
If men go to the end of the ocean in steamers where fire, water and other necessary things are used in proper proportion, in accordance with the instructions given by expert learned persons for the accomplishment of Governmental duties and business, they can accumulate much charming wealth.
O travellers, you should know the directions with the help of the polar instrument (denoting the north and the sun etc.) and then drive your vehicles accordingly, so that you may not go astray, by mistake.
Men should build straight and easy paths for their journey everywhere and then travelling by aero planes and other chariots, they should enjoy happiness of various kinds.
None can achieve absolute happiness without the actions performed according to the instructions of enlightened persons. Therefore, these actions must be performed well.
O men, you should cause happiness to all like benevolent who make others happy, by giving them place of residence, knowledge and light.
The ruler and the subjects should love one another intensely and thus having achieved much prosperity, should always endeavour to do good to all.

O Ashvinau (The President of the Assembly and the Commander of the Army) you who pervade in all knowledge and happiness, drink the nectar-like juice of the various invigorating herbs and with your irreproachable protective activities bestow upon us happiness or suitable residence.

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Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 43 & 44

4/11/2025

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We shall discuss the hymns, Sukta wise & Mandala wise. Our focus is on the implicit meaning of the various hymns instead of literal translations of the hymns. These purported meanings are based primarily on the English translations by Swami Dharmanand Saraswati of the works done by Swami Dayanand Saraswati.

Highlights –
God has revealed all sciences through the Vedas. Likewise, learned persons disperse knowledge, justice and give delight. The man of the most charming good temperament and good habits and the sustainer of all. They should also take the help of learned persons and should make proper use of the Pranas and exertion. None can acquire knowledge and wealth (of all kinds) without the Grace of God, the help of the President of the Assembly and his own exertion.

Learned persons well-versed in all sciences, should always do a noble meritorious act. Such learned person is like fire in assemblies and on the occasion of the fulfilment of noble desires; who is also like the fire among the non-violent Yajnas from Agnihotra to Ashwa Medha or consisting of Yoga, Shilpa (Industries) Upasana (communion with God) and knowledge, bearing the glory of the Yajnas of inviolable various kinds and fire-bannered spreader of the light. Men should honour such learned guests as are righteous, respected by all learned persons, of cheerful disposition and benevolent.
A learned person should not waste even a single moment. He should know all days to be full of the noblest deeds. Knowing the days as such, he should be the protector of the people and performer of the Yajnas (non-violent noble sacrifices). It is not possible to perform a Yajna (non-violent sacrifice and philanthropic work) without the help of a learned person and suitable articles. Three things are derived from root word Yajna - honouring the learned, association with the enlightened people and charity.
The hymn wise, purported explanations –

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 43

God is called Rudra as being Omniscient Dispenser of Justice. By Rudra three meanings are taken. (1) God, (2) Soul & (3) Vayu or air. He makes the wicked weep by giving the fruits of their evil actions. (2) The soul is called Rudra as it weeps when it leaves the body at the time of death and gets the result of evil actions. (3) Vayu or air is called Rudra as it makes a person weep causing pain as a result of bad deeds.
As there is no happiness to children without parents, no happiness to the cattle without a cowherd, and the people without the king's assembly, in the same manner, none can enjoy happiness without knowledge and exertion.
As learned persons should give true knowledge to all having friendship with them, good character and conduct, as God has revealed all sciences through the Vedas, in the same manner, teachers also should endow all with knowledge.
None can attain knowledge, worldly happiness and the joy of emancipation without the help of a learned person who gives us the knowledge of God's praise and the herbs that destroy misery (caused by diseases) and the teaching of Pranayama that alleviates our suffering.
As God is the Light of lights, full of perfect Bliss, the Best of all the Devas (shining objects and the enlightened) and the Support of the earth and other worlds, in the same manner, the President of the Assembly or the Commander-in-chief of the army should be a person who is most brilliant like the sun and the gold, the best dispenser of justice, the giver of delight and bliss, the man of the most charming good temperament and good habits and the sustainer of all.

Men should pray to God for the happiness and health of their own and other men and animals. They should also take the help of learned persons and should make proper use of the Pranas and exertion.
None can acquire knowledge and wealth (of all kinds) without the Grace of God, the help of the President of the Assembly and his own exertion.
Men should administer a truthful and just State, conquering all enemies with the help of admirable force and strength.
When people take shelter in God who is un-paralleled and the President of the Assembly who is devoted to Him, they do not suffer at all. As God desires men of noble character and conduct and the President of the Assembly also does the same, in the same manner, all subjects should always desire God and the President of the Assembly. Without this sort of desire, real and vast happiness cannot be attained.

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 44

Men should exert themselves and achieve all prosperity for obeying the command of God and by taking shelter in Him and noble learned persons. Learned persons well-versed in all sciences, should always do a noble meritorious act. They should never do an ignoble, wicked deed.
O God, you are well-loved messenger, Destroyer of the wicked, Sustainer of the world and Charioteer of the noble nonviolent deed, accordant with the sun and the moon and the dawn or Prana, Apana and the Dawn of the Divine Illumination, grant us heroic strength and lofty fame.
Men should accomplish all works having appointed a learned person well-versed in the Vedic lore as a messenger or ambassador, for the attainment of knowledge, kingdom and happiness. Such learned person is like fire in assemblies and on the occasion of the fulfilment of noble desires; who is also like the fire among the non-violent Yajnas from Agnihotra to Ashwa Medha or consisting of Yoga, Shilpa (Industries) Upasana (communion with God) and knowledge, bearing the glory of the Yajnas of inviolable various kinds and fire-bannered spreader of the light.
Men should honour such learned guests as are righteous, respected by all learned persons, of cheerful disposition and benevolent.
Learned persons should never glorify and take shelter in any one as God except the Lord who is the Preserver of the world, the Giver of emancipation, Giver of Knowledge, fulfiller of noble desires and bliss and worthy of worship or adoration.
A learned person should be honored and respected on account of his sublime virtues. Thus, taking shelter in him and his guidance, all should acquire knowledge and long life.
It is not possible to bring about the happiness of the subjects, the attainment of divine virtues without much effort and victory over the enemies. Therefore, all should accomplish it with great endeavour.
Men should properly use the light of the sun, electricity, and water etc. in all works and accomplish acts that purify the air and the rain and develop industries. None can accomplish all these things without the association of the learned persons as he cannot know the attributes of these things without acquiring knowledge from them.
The President of the assembly, the Commander-in-Chief of the Army and other learned persons should always manifest divine virtues among the people for the protection of knowledge, the preservation of the subjects and other Yajnas.
A learned person should not waste even a single moment. He should know all days to be full of the noblest deeds. Knowing the days as such, he should be the protector of the people and performer of the Yajnas (non-violent noble sacrifices).
It is not possible to perform a Yajna (non-violent sacrifice and philanthropic work) without the help of a learned person and suitable articles. Three things are derived from root word Yajna - honouring the learned, association with the enlightened people and charity.
O men, God is the Adorable Friend of all, well-wisher High Priest of all men and their innermost Spirit, knows like a messenger the good or bad acts of all souls, whose unlimited lusters shine forth all around the world. Such a God is the Creator, Sustainer and Nourisher of the universe and its Sovereign Dispenser of Justice. He must be worshipped by all. In the same manner, a noble ambassador or messenger should also be respected by all.
Men should appoint righteous persons well-versed in all sciences in the various works of the State. The learned should accomplish all works with the assistance of well-trained attendants. Men should give up all indolence and always be engaged in doing good deeds. Without doing so, it is not possible to accomplish all works whether secular or spiritual.
Those commands that are issued by the Dharma Sabha and the Raja Sabha (Religious and Royal assemblies) should be obeyed by all people after listening to them attentively. The members of these assemblies also should give up all prejudice or partiality and should put forth their united efforts in such a way as to bring about the destruction of all ignorance un-righteousness and injustice for the welfare of all beings.

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Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 40 to 42

3/28/2025

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We shall discuss the hymns, Sukta wise & Mandala wise. Our focus is on the implicit meaning of the various hymns instead of literal translations of the hymns. These purported meanings are based primarily on the English translations by Swami Dharmanand Saraswati of the works done by Swami Dayanand Saraswati.

Highlights –
Everyone enjoys happiness by the association of and service to the learned persons, knowledge, Yoga, righteousness, doing good to others and spreading it to all. The man who serves learned persons with body, speech and mind, acquires inexhaustible wisdom, enjoys the earthly kingdom and then attains emancipation. Officers of the State should punish the persons who are doing mischief.

In these Suktas of Rigveda, principle of democracy is enshrined. People should elect head of state and Commander-in-Chief of the Army who is friendly to all as ambassador, teacher and preacher and a righteous person as dispenser of justice. They should talk politely. State should remove all wicked robbers and thieves as well as poverty, protect well all subjects, make all happy, keep them engaged in doing noble deeds, observe Brahmacharya (continence), renounce hankering after lustful indulgence and develop their physical and spiritual faculties with wisdom and good education, so should all people among the subjects also do. People should construct roadways, waterways and airways to travel on the earth, the sea and the sky

By worshipping God and obeying his commandants in Vedas, people attain all happiness. People should talk politely with their parents, teachers and other elderly educated persons. All men should pray to the Lord of the Universe to keep away from the path of evil and lead towards the path of Dharma.
The hymn wise, purported explanations –

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 40

Men should enjoy all happiness and bring the same to others by the association of and service to the learned persons, knowledge, Yoga, righteousness, doing good to others and other means. They should get happiness of all kinds by acquiring the knowledge of God-the Lord of all true wisdom.
Men should enjoy happiness by benefiting one another in the dealings of learning and teaching.
All men should do and desire that there may be development and diffusion of knowledge.
The man who serves learned persons with body, speech and mind, acquires inexhaustible wisdom, enjoys the earthly kingdom and then attains emancipation. Those who are well-versed in the science of speech or language, can make others learned and not others.
Everyone should adore only that one God who has revealed the Vedas (in the beginning of the Human creation) who pervades the entire Universe, in Whom the earth and other globes reside and in Whom learned persons abide during emancipation.
Learned persons should teach to all the Vedas with their meanings and limbs (grammar, meter, etymology etc.), their secret and practical application. If one desires to enjoy happiness, he must acquire the Vedic knowledge. Without it, none can attain true happiness. Therefore, all teachers and the taught should learn and teach all Vedas.
It is not all persons that approach a learned man who desires to diffuse knowledge. It is not all that can build a house that is suitable and source of happiness in all seasons. But it is only some fortunate persons that are able to do it.
Those officers and workers of the State who conquer their enemies in greater as well as lesser fights, imprison them and restrain them from doing any mischief, can administer the State righteously, enjoy happiness in this world and attain emancipation after passing away.

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 41

Men should select the best person as the President of the Assembly or Commander-in-Chief of the Army, one who is friendly to all as ambassador, teacher and preacher and a righteous person as dispenser of justice. Having obtained protection from them, they should kill all their enemies, properly administer a vast Government and bring about the welfare of all. None should be afraid of death, as death inevitable to all living beings.
As President of the Assembly, the Commander-in-Chief of the army and other officers of the State set aside or remove with their power and strength all wicked robbers and thieves as well as poverty, protect well all subjects, make all happy, eliminate all obstacles, keep them engaged in doing noble deeds, observe Brahmacharya (continence), renounce hankering after lustful indulgence and develop their physical and spiritual faculties with wisdom and good education, so should all people among the subjects also do.
Men should ever try to destroy those wicked persons, who trouble the righteous and then enter their forts, come out of them and then again cause trouble to the noble. They should always be engaged in protecting the righteous, in overcoming, subduing or even killing the wicked and administering the country righteously. Those who shine on account of their virtues.
Men should construct easy straight paths free from the fear of thorns, pits, thieves and robbers by which chariots, steamers and aero planes may travel on the earth, the sea and the sky and there may not be any inconvenience and fear to anyone. Having done all this, they should enjoy the happiness of good and vast Government and should allow others to do the same.
Where learned persons being the presidents of the Assembly, commanders of the armies, members of the Councils and servants behave politely, there is never an end to happiness.
Men protected by learned persons acquire all desirable objects and noble progeny. Without this, none can make true progress.
When someone ask another how shall we attain friendship justice and good knowledge, he should tell him that it is possible to do so only by diffusing knowledge and by benevolence or doing good to others. Without these, it is not possible for anyone to enjoy happiness.
A man should not love those who are enemies of his friend and who are their (his friends' enemies, accomplices or helpers. Friends should always be protected and safe-guarded. The learned friends should always be served with wealth, food) clothes and vehicles etc. A man without friends cannot enjoy happiness, therefore men should make friendship only with righteous and learned persons.
A man should not associate himself with or trust persons of ill words and wicked actions. He should not also be unfaithful to his friends, nor hate or insult them.

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 41

Just as humans overcome all sorrows and attain all happiness by worshiping God or obeying His commandments, in the same way pious people, friends of all, benevolent scholars in the presence of or by their teachings crossing the mesh like path of NE science get to knowledge form Sun.
Men should kill, throw away or imprison with the help of education, knowledge and army those wicked thieves who take away others' property. By so doing, they should make all roads and paths free from fear and danger. As God punishes the wicked according to their actions, in the same manner, we should also make them noble by giving proper Vedic education and suitable punishment.
The dispensers of justice should never leave a thief without giving him suitable punishment, otherwise the people will suffer. Therefore, for the protection of the people, it is necessary to give punishment to all guilty persons even if they be the parents, preceptors and friends of the officers concerned.
Justice-seeking people should never let a criminal thief go without punishing him. Otherwise, the people suffer, therefore, to protect the people, those who do evil deeds, parents, teachers, mothers, sons, friends, etc. should always be chastised and punished according to their crime.
As men should always satisfy and please their parents, teachers and other elderly educated persons with love and service, in the same way, they should gladden all good men by punishing the wicked for the welfare of all subjects.
Men should enjoy happiness abundantly by having the communion with God who is the Lord of all and association with a righteous President of the Assembly, a Commander of the army or dispenser of justice possessing prosperity, having acquired knowledge, gold and other kinds of wealth. They should make others also happy.
All men should thus pray to the Lord of the Universe. O God, take us away from the path of evil and lead us towards the path of Dharma. Learned persons also should be served and requested to conduct us by the pure and easy Vedic Path.
O God, grant us by your grace a beautiful country and good attributes, remove all miseries and lead us to happiness. O learned President of the Assembly, make us happy in this land by safe-guarding and preserving us with humility and giving us good education.
There is none except the President of the Assembly and Commander-in-Chief of the Army who is giver of happiness, strength and encouragement for exertion, remover of all fear of the thieves and the robbers, provider of all legitimate means of good enjoyment and illuminator of justice and knowledge. Therefore, all should take shelter in them.
No one should beg from any enemy out of folly, having given up the shelter of the President of the Assembly and the Commander of the Army, but after knowing the science of Politics from the Vedas, killing the enemies with the help of good and brave people, acquiring knowledge, gold and other kinds of wealth, giving the same in charity to deserving persons, knowledge should be diffused. In this hymn, by the use of the word Poosha, the President of the Assembly and Commander of the Army have been taken, the duty of increasing our power and removing wicked enemies, the attainment of all prosperity, treading upon the path of righteousness, developments of intellect and actions have been stated. So it has connection with the previous hymn.

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Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 37 to 39

3/14/2025

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Force of the winds is working in a vehicle like the aero plane etc. which is without any horse and is very good or useful.
Those men who, like the winds, with liquid thrusts of motion in smooth, refined, chiselled and lubricated language and style, express themselves and their ideas, rise with their own brilliance like the rays of the sun.
If there were no gases, none could do anything. The words that are spoken from a distant place, can be heard with the help of the air as if they were spoken close by. Without the movement of the air, none can speak or hear anything. Whatever mighty acts are done by the heroes in the battle etc. are all done with the association of the air. Without air, one cannot even twinkle the eye. Therefore, everyone should always investigate the properties of the air.
Learned persons after studying the Vedas and knowing the attributes of the air should give happiness to all beings by doing glorious mighty deeds.
Men should always develop the power of the air that exists in their bodies. All knowledge about the sap etc. is acquired with the help of the air. Therefore, all should teach one another, so that all may know the attributes of the air.
O learned persons, shakers of all ignorance, you will shake your enemies to their very end, like the winds that are shakers of heaven and earth, who will not become advanced in knowledge and wisdom among you.
All your dealings are organized and ordained by the proper system of administration. When you go astray from your appointed right path, the President of the Assembly who is powerful like the wind gives you severe punishment. You should treat him as your father.
As an old King trembles on account of some terrible disease or the fear of his enemies; in the same way, this earth upheld from all sides by the air moves in its axis and the same is the case with other worlds. Without this thread-like enveloping air, no world can exist and move.
You should properly use the winds which are born out of the sky and which go here and there. They have their movement in all places where there is recess. All living beings get their strength from them.
The king and the subjects should know that just as, these airs are used for the movement of speech and water and making them listen good words for coming and going, birth, growth and destruction, similarly, the ritual of auspicious and inauspicious deeds is the cause of happiness and sorrow.
As the Monsoon winds carry up much water that causes the production of the cloud, generate lightning by mutual rubbing and make to fall down the long, vast, un-wetting rain retaining cloud, in the same way, they should cause the fall of all unrighteous dealings.
The Officers of the State like the Commanders of the armies should prompt the people to perform their works industriously and justly, as the winds move the clouds.
As these winds pass along here and there, artists and scientists give instructions on the path of (or for acquiring knowledge) knowledge and converse with one another about them. The knowledge of this science of sound is gained by a few and not by all.
It is the duty of the learned rulers and their subjects to accomplish their works by manufacturing vehicles for speedy motion. They should take pleasure in serving righteous persons and in giving suitable punishment to the wicked people.
As persons who are well-versed in the science of Prana and practisers of Yoga; eating what is conducive to health enjoy blissfully the full span of life, others also should learn this science from them and enjoy full life.

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 38

As a father holds his son by both his hands, gives him proper education, brings him up suitably, urges upon him to do noble deeds, and enjoys happiness, in the same manner, those persons who like the air that upholds the worlds, take up Yajnas with knowledge and perform them properly become happy.
As the rays of the Sun illuminate all objects of the world, in the same manner, you should also approach learned people and ask them the proper utilization of the air and then enlighten others about it.
O men going quickly like the air to perform noble deeds, you should approach learned persons and ask them to enlighten you about the acts which enable us to fulfil our noble desires and should endeavor to do the same.
The officers the State and their subjects should also give up indolence and be engaged in discharging their duties like the winds that go on incessantly, so that their protector, the President of the Assembly or the council of Ministers, may not be killed by the enemies of the State.
As the deer becomes happy after eating grass to their fill, in the same manner, the knower of the science of Prana taking proper food and leading a regular life, does not fall in the Jaws of death soon.
The movement of the winds is of two kinds; one that is pleasant and giver of happiness, the second that causes misery and diseases. The former is that which is observed and used regularly thereby destroying diseases and promoting health and happiness for the body and the mind etc. The second is that which is used without the observance of any rules, with negligence and thus causing various terrible diseases and awful misery.
Men should perform all righteous deeds with proper use of winds that are in the firmament, causing rains and possessing some true characteristics. When suitably used, they give happiness, but when used improperly, they become adverse and cause misery, therefore men should perform all righteous acts methodically.
As the mother cows loving and desiring their calves, loudly bellow and run towards them, in the same way, the lightning goes to the clouds, making a great sound.
Learned people should tell all others that it is the winds that solidify the particles of the water and converting them into the cloud, create darkness even in day time and then generating the lightning and dissolving the clouds make them to fall down on earth and wetting it, they produce herbs and corns etc.
All movement of things and beings is on account of the association of the winds. Living beings tremble out of fear from the fierce stumbling on the lightning and the earth rotates every moment.
Yogis should make proper use of wind power for gaining strength through the practice of Yoga- Pranayama etc. and other persons engaged in worldly occupations should also utilize them properly.
O men, you should manufacture many kinds of vehicles endowed with various machines, use fire and water etc. and with their combination and that of the gases you should be able to move quickly everywhere, should get victory over your enemies and accomplish all works.
O learned men, as a dear friend pleases a loving friend who is a preacher of the Vedas and full of splendor by service and praise of his virtues in the same way, you should teach well the science of the manufacture of the aero planes and other vehicles with the Vedic speech for the knowledge of their properties.
O men taught by the learned, you must make your speech refined by the study of the Vedas with labour and thus becoming the masters of the speech, should listen to the attributes of God and air etc. and should teach about them to others.
Human beings should give happiness through learning and their efforts, just as the wind gives happiness by being the means of accomplishing tasks.

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 39

Those learned persons who desire happiness, should accurately know the properties of the air from God, the giver of all Delight (as given in the Vedas) and lucky great scholars or scientists, and then should enjoy happiness.
Righteous persons receive the Grace of God and victory. God also blesses only righteous persons and not others. These righteous persons should manufacture powerful arms, should practice their use well, train their army, defeat, capture or kill (as the case and necessity may be) their unrighteous wicked foes and protect their subjects justly.
As strong winds shatter trees and other things and sustain earth, in the same manner, righteous dispensers of justice, should demolish unrighteous conduct and preserve the people with righteous justice.
As the airs have no enemies and are liked by all, in the same way, people should be endowed with knowledge, righteousness, strength and force and justice, so that they may rule over all with justice, may destroy their opponents and should become so popular as to have no enemy at all.
As loyal learned persons, keep under their control intoxicated robbers and thieves, and preserve and support righteous people, you should also do like them.
If men properly use water, fire and air in the vehicles and thereby travel from one place to another, they can easily go and come everywhere.

As wise men enjoy happiness by casting aside all fear by the proper combination of the air, water and fire etc. so we should also do.
Men should extend happiness which brings about welfare to all, by making them refrain from evil selfish enemies who have no idea of doing good to others, but on the contrary who give them trouble, by imparting them good knowledge and education or conquering them in battles with the help of army and power.
As Monsoon winds, sun and lightning cause the production of fruits and flowers by means of the rains for the happiness of all, in the same manner, learned persons should make all people happy by giving them Vedic knowledge.

As righteous brave people when full of indignation conquer their enemies with powerful weapons and gladden their subjects (people) having attained resistless Government, in the same manner, all persons should conquer with all their might (spiritual as well as physical when necessary), those who are haters of the true knowledge (Vedas) God and Vedic Scholars and should thus make their state full of the light of God and the true Vedic knowledge.

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Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 59 to 61

Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 56 to 58

Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 54 & 55

Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 52 & 53

Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 49 to 51

Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 47 & 48

Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 45 & 46

Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 43 & 44

Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 40 to 42

Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 37 to 39

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