Philosophy

Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta 30

1/24/2025

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As men dig a well first and by using its water for bathing, drinking and watering their fields and gardens, enjoy happiness, in the same manner, learned scientists derive happiness by using the fire in machines and putting water there in proper proportion and position and accomplishing many works with their conjunction and movement.
Agni in the form of the sun, electricity and material fire purifies substances in hundreds of ways and cooks thousands of articles speedily. As water goes to lower level, this fire goes upwards or downwards. Taking this contrast in mind and by placing fire below and water above it, by their conjunction through steam, speed and other qualities are produced.
As in the ocean, there is deep infinite water and there are many jewels and attributes, in the same way, in the fire, there are many attributes and there are many processes. Therefore, by the conjunction of the fire and water, men can take various benefits with labour.
As a pigeon approaches or follows his mate speedily, in the same manner, Agni (fire) when used scientifically, suitably benefits people. Men can learn this science of fire by listening to the teachings given by great scientists.
The Lord of all, the master of all the virtues stated in the Vedas, having special knowledge, having truth, opulence and doing justice appropriately, the councillor or commander is a learned scholar, He should be considered by us as a judge.
The true and false duties and non-duties of the commander and the chairman should also be properly decided by the order of the innermost God situated in the soul by a man positioned in meditation with true conduct. Without this one can never have the true understanding of the victory. Those who fight against the enemies by considering the omnipresent God as judge and as the righteous and the brave as the commander, they win definitely, not others.
Men should be friendly to one another and should preserve the articles already got and should get victory. They should take shelter in Almighty God and mighty commander in chief of the army. But merely by taking shelter in God or the Chief Commander of the army, the purpose cannot be served. But by knowledge and industriousness all this can be accomplished.
Where human beings serve the head of the assembly or army with true spirit, that chairman, along with his army's parts and gems, etc., is situated near him for protection. Without its help, truth, happiness and victory are not possible for anyone.
O man, I also invoke in right earnest God who creates many things and works from the eternal cause-Primordial matter whom your father or preceptor also invoked.
Men should desire to get the knowledge of and communion with this God Who is the Creator of the world, Adorable and Friend of all, the Support of the Universe, for no one can attain true knowledge without the teachings or sermons given by enlightened persons.
All men and women having mutual friendship should have communion with God and with industriousness should get the knowledge of Aryan (noble) system of administration, religious assembly and accomplishment of all dealings and works.
As the president of the Assembly or the Commander-in chief of an army who possesses the knowledge of all sciences and is the well-wisher of all, protects all his subjects, in the same manner, the people and soldiers of the army should always guard him.
According to the injunctions of the Vedas, young men and women should marry with mutual consent and of their own accord. After marriage, they should respect each other and should discharge their duties jointly. All of them should be engaged in meditation on God and acting according to His commandments, and according to the orders of good men and assemblies. It is not proper to behave in violation of these instructions on the part of any man or woman.
As the axle of the spokes even while moving stays in its own limit but takes the chariot far away, in the same way, you, O President of the Assembly, firm in your noble virtues, rules and regulations, control all.
As a King who is president of the council of ministers serves learned men and fulfils the desires of the students, in the same manner, the worship of God fulfils all the desires of righteous persons. Therefore, all men should adore God.
As God creates all animate and inanimate things and beings (moving and stationary) and gives happiness to all through them, in the same way, the heads of Assembly, army or judges should constantly gladden all subjects. All should believe that there is none else the Creator of the world, the Giver of the fruit of our actions and our Sovereign than one God and they should act accordingly.
A car or conveyance manufactured and driven by Ashvinau great artists and scientists can travel on the earth, the water and the sky. Therefore, such a conveyance should be accomplished soon.
Men can easily go to the end of the ocean with the steamers made with the proper combination of the fire, steam, water and machines. without such devices, it is not possible to reach the destination in fixed time.
Whatever conveyance is desired to be manufactured by artists for speedy transport, a group of machines and wheels below and mechanical wheel to move all machines should be placed above. When with its help water, fire, etc. are used, artists through its use can travel easily the route of earth, sea and the sky. This is quite certain.
Men should not waste a single moment from the time of their rising up in the morning till they go to bed. It is only such persons who know the value of time that can always enjoy happiness and not lazy men.
who know how to utilize the past, present and future times, can industriously accomplish all their works far and near. Therefore, a man should never waste a single moment.
The person who does not waste time in vain in routine, all his time is the one which accomplishes all the works.

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Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 26 to 29

1/17/2025

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The Yajaman (performer of the Yajna) should select many learned persons and under their guidance, he should perform many works and thus attain happiness and give it to others. No one can accomplish any secular or spiritual work without the assistance of good and wise persons.
Men should accomplish all their good desires with the assistance of noble persons. Without association with such noble wise persons, none can enjoy happiness.
As a kind and loving father who causes happiness to his sons, as a friend causing happiness to his friends and a learned teacher to his students, all men should love one another and always put forth their united efforts for bringing about the welfare of all. This is the teaching given by God.
All men should behave in meetings as cultured and civilized men, experts in conducting assemblies do.
Men should have friendship with all other men and should become enlightened by receiving proper education and wisdom.
Men should have association with learned persons and know that whatever visible or invisible things exist in this world, are the products of the vast eternal cause-Mattoir.
As we deal with all in a friendly manner and others deal with us in the same way, so you should also do.
Men should try to know the properties or attributes of all the objects created by God in this world and accomplish their works.
Men cannot enjoy happiness unless they give up all attachment and jealousy and engage themselves in the performance of admirable acts with knowledge, education and industriousness. Then all men should obey the commands of God and bring about the welfare of all.
Men should tell their children that there is an eternal subtle causal force (Agni) from which electricity and other effects are produced and from them digestive fire and various other forms of fire are generated. All these forms of fire are upheld or sustained by the causal force. All the acts of fire are done with the help of the wind. Without fire and air, no substance in the world can be sustained.

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 27

Just as a learned man is manifested in his kingdom by the virtues of his knowledge etc., in the same way the God is manifested everywhere by the virtues of omniscience et cetera.
As sons when well-trained, are righteous and learned, cause happiness to their parents by doing agreeable noble deeds, so this beneficial fire when utilized properly and methodically according to the scientific knowledge, accomplishes many pleasing tasks for us.
When God is worshipped, He protects us from our foes in battles and gives us long life. In the same way, a learned person when respectfully treated or worshipped, protects our aero planes etc. and tells us the means of attaining long life.
As you gave great delight to the great righteous and enlightened seers like Brahma and others by revealing in their souls Perfect Truth, reveal the same in our souls, so that being enlightened, we may always be engaged in doing the best righteous deeds.
Served by righteous and industrious persons, a learned man having acquired the knowledge or all sciences, should make them happy. In this world, there are three kinds of enjoyments, worlds and men which may be classified as the high, medium and low. A wise man should impart knowledge to all these persons according to the level of their understanding and intellect.

As the separate particles of the water of the sea become one or united when they reach the sky and as a learned wise person classifies all objects and reveals their knowledge in the souls of all men, why should we not do likewise?”
As God is the Protector, Creator and Supreme Director of His subjects from times immemorial, in the same manner, the man who worships Him-the Lord who is Omnipresent Protector from all sides and protects people, can never suffer and be defeated.
As not even a highly learned person can ever measure the power of the Infinite, Immeasurable and Inviolable God Whose Wisdom is Infallible, so only that man should be appointed as a ruler, who follows the Lord and obeys His commands.
He alone should be appointed as the commander of an army who takes people away from miseries, leads them to victory and is expert in the military science, being at the same time a righteous person.
No one can get knowledge of the science of archery, unless one hears the praise of such an expert archer. 'He alone can be the protector of the people who trains well those persons for the welfare of the subject who are of aggressive nature, destroying the strength of their foes.
God who is the Best, Infinite Support of all, Bestower of Bliss to His devotees, Lord of the wealth of wisdom is the Creator of the useful fire possessing many properties. May He prompt us to acquire pure wisdom and perform noble deeds.
As a rich learned person pleases all men with the enjoyment of wealth, listens to the requests and complaints of all, in the same manner, when God is pleased with true love, He listens to the glorification and gives happiness to all.
God commands that men should be free from all pride and respect all with food and other articles. One should have association with the learned and always respect them to the best of one's ability and power. They should never be censured.

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 28

God preaches- “O men! All you need is a heavy stone to extract the essence and extract the essence of herbal medicines, etc., make such a pit and place it on the ground in such a way that it is slightly higher than the ground. So that the extraction of the essence and sapless husk of the grain is made in a good way, by placing the barley etc. in it, crush it with a pestle, which makes a sound.”
As men go about with the help of the things, in the same way, people should place one rock over the stone and the other over it for grinding. With their help, they should grind herbs and should eat them as prescribed. This should be the second means like the mortar and the pestle.
This art of the use of mortar which is essential for cooking and other domestic works must be learnt by house wives and be taught to others. Where cooking is done, mortar, pestle etc. should be placed there because without them powdering and grinding etc. is not possible.
O learned persons, as the sun binds the earth with gravitation or as a charioteer restrains horses with the reins, in the same manner, you should by the science of using the churning staff methodically take out the substance in the form of butter and juice from Milk and herbs.
In all houses, mortar should be properly used. As the heroic conquerors of their enemies sound the drum or trumpet and then fight bravely, in the same manner, the man who desires to extract the juice of herbs like the barley and others, should put them in the mortar, beat them with pestle, take away the husk and partake of the substance and essence.
When all plants and herbs are nourished by the wind, then men partake of their substance by putting them in the mortar and sip their juice also. Without it, the growth and nourishment of a substance is not possible.
As two horses which oat well draw a chariot, in the same manner. the mortar and pestle accomplish many works like dividing and grinding etc.
As mortar and pestle are made of the stone, they can also be made of wood, iron, brass, silver and gold etc. With them nicely made, the juice of the herbs may be extracted.
The officers of the state, should have two kinds of army, one mounted on cars and carriages and the other on foot. For them, they should keep ready good extract of nourishing herbs and arms and ammunitions. The armies should be trained well and made healthy and strong by proper use of the herbs and drugs (when necessary. By adopting such means good and vast Government on earth should be established.

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 29

As men become unworthy or ignoble by becoming lazy, in the same way, even we become indolent sometimes make us again noble, industrious and virtuous, So that having acquired many elephants, horses and cows and feeding them well, we may become good by deriving benefit from them.
Men should pray to God in the following manner O, God, as you are the Kind Sovereign of the world and Dispenser of justice, in the same manner, make us good rulers of the land, truthful and wise accomplishers the Vedic knowledge, arts, crafts and industries.
Men should keep away or remove the laziness of the body and the soul and should always endeavour to do noble deeds.
We should always engage brave persons in our armies and they should always be kept satisfied and pleased, so that unrighteous enemies may sleep out of dread. Let them never be alert or awake, so that we may enjoy good and vast Government without any obstruction.
The president of the council of ministers who occupies the seat of justice should give due punishment to the person who is of as ass-like nature i.e. stupid and adulterous, speaking in a discordant manner and submitting false and unjust evidence. He should respect truthful and righteous persons. He should punish those who take away others' articles and arrange to give them to their real owners. We should also honour the person who observes the eternal law of these dispensers of justice.
Men should know that the wind that blows on all sides is mightier than the fire, having crooked course, the cause of the movement, growth and destruction of beasts and trees and the source of all activities and getting prosperity (which depends on health caused by pure air).
Men should pray to God in the following manner. O God, by casting aside all those foes of un-righteous conduct, bestow upon us all kinds of wealth and prosperity.

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Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 24 to 25

1/10/2025

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Who is that God pervading immortal and eternal emancipated souls and Himself One Eternal Imperishable Supreme Being, the Resplendent Giver of Bliss whose auspicious name we may invoke and always remember? Who will send us-the liberated souls, back to the great earth that we may again behold our parents.
O men, we certainly believe in one eternal, Immortal God who is the dispense of the fruit of the good or bad actions done by us and according to Whose laws we get re-birth. You must also know that One God to be the Giver of Re-birth for, none else can do this work (of the dispensation of justice). It is He who gives birth to emancipated persons also through parents at the end of Mahakalpa-a very long period covering several millions of years.
Men should always adore God only who is the Illuminator of all, Creator of the whole world and Giver of all Bliss. One cannot get the real fruit of contemplation by worshipping anyone else. Therefore, a man should not worship anyone else in the place of God.
As I— God give misery to an unrighteous person censuring other unjustly and happiness and knowledge to him who conducts himself according to the injunctions of Dharma, so you should also behave.
Those who obey the commands of God, get His protections and possessing good wealth, become praiseworthy everywhere. Because, it is God alone Who gives fruit of actions done by the souls.
Because God is Omnipotent, none can measure or violate Him. These worlds move on, but God does not move for, He is Perfect. No one can attain to inviolable entire dominion by worshipping anyone else except God. Therefore, all should adore only God who is Infinite, Immeasurable and Imperishable. This should be known to all.
It is the rays of the sun that are above and below that are the cause of the creation of the cloud. The particles of water in the rays are not visible on account of their subtleness. In the same manner, the subtle particles of the air, fire and earth etc. are not visible, even though they are in the firmament.
The God, who has certainly made a big orbit for the journey of the great Sun, who illuminates it with the fuel of the air. All of which have their own peripheries in the public space. No world is associated with any other world, but all, being situated in space, move around on their respective peripheries. All these who are not able to leave their periphery and move here and there due to the attraction and holding power of God and air. Nor does it have any other possessor. Just as the Supreme Lord breaks the heart of an unrighteous speaker, so also the soul breaks the diseased heart. Why shouldn't that God be worthy of worship and to be associated closely, it should be known.
Men should associate themselves only with those rulers and subjects who are removers of all sins and diseases, who are upholders of the earth, are givers of good advice, are preventers of the unrighteous by giving support and strength to the righteous. No one's sins can be destroyed without reaping the consequences. But prayers, sermons and exertions are meant for the removal of those sins committed in the past, being committed at present and likely to be committed in the future.
In the first half of this Mantra, a question has been raised which has been answered by the latter half. When someone asks a learned person by whom have these constellations been made, who upholds them and where do they go in day time when they are visible at night? then he should answer the question in the following manner: - All these worlds are created and upheld by God who is called by the term of Varuna-the most acceptable and the Best. They have no light of their own, but they shine by the light of the sun. They do not go anywhere, but are not visible in day time being covered by the light of the sun. They are visible at night, illuminated by the rays of the sun. All these wonderful acts are of God.
Human beings should not disrespect the God and knowledge regarding the Sun in the Vedic manner. Always obey the commands of God. Knowing the properties of the substances created by Him, one should continuously increase his life by taking help from Him.
All men should thus believe and preach to others. We should keep ourselves away from all sins by accepting what God, the Vedas and the learned persons tell us and which I also determine with pure intellect. You should accept the same.
Men should know thoroughly the properties of all the objects made by God and should associate with them action, and knowledge. We must be just as God is. Those sinful acts which cause bondage must be cast aside and meritorious acts should always be performed by everyone.
Men should act in such a way that the sinful acts done by them may become loose by the enjoyment of their fruits and by the acquisition of knowledge. Men should also know that the fruits of actions trouble more an ignorant person than a man of wisdom.
It is only those persons who obey the commands of God (as given in the Vedas) and being pure keep themselves awa from all bonds of misery, attain abiding happiness and non-else. This hymn has connection with the previous hymn and here Prajapati, Savita and Varuna have been mentioned as the names and attributes of God. Here ends the 15th virga of the 2nd Chapter. Here ends the 24th Hymn of the 6th Anuvaka in the first Mandala.

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 25

O God! Just as fathers etc., scholars and kings do compassion, justice and education on small, low-witted frantic children, in the same way you too should be our justice, compassion and education every day.
God commands. O men, do not indulge in putting an end to the life of a person for committing a fault through ignorance and do not be angry with a man who after committing a mistake, is, ashamed of it.
O God! As a charioteer ties his weary horse, so we bind Your knowledge and your love in our hearts with refined words of praises for the attainment of good happiness.
As birds when beaten (with stones), go away to distant places, in the same manner, let the persons indulging in anger, keep away from me and I keep away from them, so that let there be no change (for the worse) in our nature or habits and also loss of wealth.
Men should properly obey the commands of God and administer the vast Government which brings about the welfare of all, with justice.
As two happy players on the musical instruments produce pleasant sound by playing upon their instruments, in the same way, the air and the sun when utilized properly in machines produce nice sound by moving on all sides the oblation given by a learned person or the vehicles like the aero planes etc. manufactured by an expert scientist.
The person who is thoroughly well-versed in sciences, arts and industries is able to understand fully and give practical shape to the science of the vehicles that can be useful equally in firmament, earth and ocean as taught a by God through the Vedas.

As God being Omniscient knows this cycle of time which is the abode or basis of all, in the same manner, knowing the significance of the worlds and Time, no one should waste even the particle of a moment.
The person who knows that the wind is greater in measurement and properties than fire and other objects and is the support of all, knows its origin, the path of its going and coming and all the gross and subtle substances that are on the earth or in the air and after knowing them thoroughly, benefits from them and induces others to do the same, makes his life successful and becomes a distinguished scientist. This fact should be known to all.
As God is the Greatest Ruler of all, shining on account of His incomparable virtues, in the same way, a learned and righteous person who obeys the commands of God, being endowed with the strength of body and intellect is alone fit to rule over a vast empire and none else.
As God being Omnipresent and Omnipotent performs wonderful acts like the creation, sustenance and dissolution of the world knowing all the acts of men gives them the fruit of actions, in the same manner, he who having known the actions performed by his ancestors is always engaged in doing noble deeds to benefit all, being witness to and having done action, which bring about the welfare of all, can be just to all.
(1) May God who is Imperishable, Eternal and Omniscient keep us on the right path all our days and prolong our lives. (2) As God keeps us all our days on right path and prolongs our lives, in the same way, may a wise and just man who is brilliant like the sun keep us all our days in right path and prolong our lives by giving us proper instructions.
Omniscient God being the Innermost Spirit of all, revealing the pure light, dispels the sleep or ignorance of the righteous persons. In the same way; the sun dispels the darkness of the night. As God upholds all by His Omnipresence, the sun also sustains all by its attractive power.
Those haughty persons who are of violent and malicious nature, cannot know the attributes of God and wise men on account of their ignorance. They cannot derive benefit from them. Therefore, men should try to imbibe and follow the merits, actions and nature of God and wise men.
Why should not men always adore that God who has given complete glory and food to mankind and whose glory is manifest in all living and non-living or inanimate objects.
Men should know that as the kine running to the best of their power, become tired when they reach their destination, in the same way, when men search after the attributes according to their power and intellect of God, and of the sun etc. and having known to some extent according to their capacity, get tired because the intellect and the power of the body of every man in limited and cannot be unlimited. As birds flying in the sky do not get its end, similarly none can get the end of knowledge.
As a priest and the performer of a Yajna (Non-violent sacrifice) accomplish Yajna lovingly and jointly, in the same manner, the teacher and the taught should manifest all sciences jointly and lovingly. All men should endeavour to attain happiness, bearing in mind the idea of increasing their knowledge and wisdom.
Because it is not possible to know God with the help of the arts and sciences without personal contact in the form of questions and answers with the learned persons of forgiving sweet nature, therefore men should always acquire such knowledge with the assistance of the wise.
As Omniscient God gives true Happiness to His devotees after being glorified by them with true love, learned wise men should also do like that.
As God who shiniest over heaven and earth and all the world at all times, listens to our prayers, so O wise man, you should also do and respond to our call.
As righteous persons engaging themselves in doing good to others and being enlightened pray to God and He releasing them from all misery and bondage makes them happy, why should we not do also like that?

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Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 21 to 23

12/27/2024

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Men should desire to know the properties of the air and the fire. It is not possible to derive benefit from them unless one hears their attributes from great scientists.
Without practice, men cannot know the attributes of the air and fire and benefit from them.
When men being friendly to one another and for mutual benefit, utilizing and preserving the air and fire with proper knowledge (of science) advance dealing in various objects, they enjoy happiness.
Men should properly and methodically utilize the air and fire full of force and rapidity which are useful for the accomplishment of many purposes, connected with arts and crafts and sciences.
The air and fire which on account of their nature and attributes are superior to other elements, become the sources of protection by removing misery when they are utilized scientifically with wisdom.
May Indra and Agni (Prana-vital energy and electricity) which are well-known on account of the group of true attributes in that desirable state which fills us with joy and bliss, bestow happiness upon us.

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 22

learned person please enlighten us about the earth and fire which are united and attained together in this artistic dealing for the attainment of all happiness.
The fire and water which are best instruments in accomplishing all works of arts and crafts should be properly utilized.
No one's knowledge or wisdom can grow without preaching or instruction by an expert. Therefore, the learned and sackers after knowledge should respectively preach and hear attentively.
O men, because the car possessing the rapidity of fire and water goes even to the most distant places, there is nothing far away for you. You should make proper and methodical use of the fire and water.
For the sake of protection and love, I invoke God, the Creator of the world by Whose Grace a man gets gold and other gems. He is Omniscient and the most Admirable. It is He who pervades this, Universe.
A learned wise man glorifies God and obeys His commands. As we desire to attain God's attributes of Truth, justice and kindness etc. and perform the works ordained by Him in the Vedas, so you should also do.
As God gives the fruit of the actions of all souls being Omnipotent and Omniscient Supreme Being and Creator of the world and as the sun divides by its light the different objects and enlightens them by its piercing rays, both should be properly and wisely utilized i. e. God should be adored and proper use should be made of the heat and light of the sun.
Men cannot enjoy happiness without friendliness. Therefore, all people should be united and preaching and listening to the attributes of God and the sun full of heat, should take benefit from them for enjoying happiness or delight.
Learned people should accept the Agni in three forms of the fire, electricity and the sun as the most prominent means of accomplishment of arts and crafts and the manifestation of the powers of the earth and other objects. In this Yajna consisting of artistic activities, the special uniting powers of the earth and other objects have been named as their wives so to speak.
The learned persons should visualize all sciences in this world, through the study of the Vedas and experiments having obtained from human life. Without the distinct perception of the attributes and functions of the various objects, the knowledge does not bear fruit. This should always be borne in mind by all.
The wives of men should be of the same knowledge, merits and temperament as their husbands, because it is only by the union of the couple of similar knowledge, merits and temperament, that happiness is enjoyed and not otherwise. Therefore, all should enjoy bliss by marrying the spouses of the similar nature according to their free choice and by discharging their domestic duties properly.
Men should obtain most virtuous wives for getting abiding happiness from the objects created by God. Men and women should marry each other, having mutual love and being industrious. It is not possible for anyone to get happiness without wives of similar nature and exertion.
Learned persons or scientists should build aero planes and other conveyances with the earth and other elements and by the combination and use of the water and air in the machines, should travel on earth, in the ocean and sky.
The scholars should be able to go to the land, sea and sky by using water and fire in their machines by making vehicles etc. with earthly substances et cetera.
When this earth is perfectly known by men with the help of Geology and other sciences, it becomes the source of happiness, the dwelling place of embodied beings and provider of many jewels and diamonds.
No one can get the knowledge of the science of creation without the instruction given by the wise. All-pervading God has made these worlds with seven substances that uphold all, consisting of the earth, water, fire, air, Virat, atom and Matter.
Men should adore that Omnipresent God only Who made this world in three ways i.e. (1) This visible earth without light (2) invisible subtle world in the form of atoms etc. (3) Shining solar world. He made the form of the universe that can be logically known in the firmament.
Because this inviolable, Protector and Omnipresent God upholds this world consisting of the earth, middle region and heaven (which are to be known and attained) therefore being created by Him, all these substances follow the eternal laws ordained by Him.
O men, look at the works of that Omnipresent, Absolutely Pure and Omnipotent God Who is the true friend of the soul, the giver of all Happiness. You must know His acts of the creation, Protection, Justice and dissolution of the world by which a man is able to do the noble deeds of truth and justice etc.
Righteous, wise, active learned devotees of God see within their own spotless souls with pure knowledge the All-pervading Blissful State of God who is Omnipresent and All-bliss. They see it within, as ordinary men see the grand sun in the sky.
Those people who leave the sleep of ignorance and unrighteousness and wake up in the pursuit of knowledge and righteousness, they only attain the all-pervasive Vishnu i.e. God, who is perfect in all respects in the form of Sacchidananda.

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 23

Living beings who desire to attain and who are blessed in attaining, the air receives all of them and fixes them on his ground. The substances which have sharp and soft qualities, knowing them as they are, human beings should take help from them.
We invoke both Indra and Vayu (fire and wind) which help the aero planes in touching the firmament for the joy of the objects of the world created by God.
Wise men should utilize electricity and wind possessing thousands of functions and endowed with rapidity and other attributes, for the accomplishment of arts and industries.
It is not possible for men to enjoy happiness without Prana and Udana (two vital forces). Therefore, they should know the science which teaches their proper use.
The creation of the water and light is not possible without the air and the sun. These (the sun and the air) cannot be created except by God and without them (the sun and the air) men cannot accomplish any work.
Because it is on account of the sun and the air, that time is measured and all functions performed well, therefore by utilizing them properly, men can accomplish many works and acquire wealth thereby.
Men should know that it is not possible to kindle fire without the aid of the wind and the growth or development of substances is not possible without Indra or electricity.
No one can speak, hear and grow without the aid and attributes of the air. The solar world is so great and is the embodiment or mass of fire which the winds cause to shine. Without the sun and the winds and electricity one cannot perform one's speaking function properly.
O learned persons; the winds which give us (health and strength) so liberally, being associated with the sun or the lightning, destroy the cloud. Let not evil-minded persons ever prevail upon us or give us trouble.
Learned persons accept the winds which move from place to place and are of fierce and powerful nature born out of the sky.
Whatever good a person achieves in life is achieved by courage and daring such as by the knowledge of the friction of the winds, by running the electric machine, by going to distant countries and by the accomplishment of fire weapons, etc., happiness is attained. In the same way, by practicing techniques of special knowledge and efforts, you should continuously increase practical and transcendental pleasures.
Men can attain happiness well when they can acquire first the knowledge of the science of air or wind, then of the science of electricity and then that of the water, earth and herbs and drugs etc.
As shepherds and other feeders of animals, feed and nourish the beasts and by their milk etc. cause happiness to men, in the same manner, the sun having supported the sky and all substances therein, by its rays and gravitation, causes happiness to all beings.
Because this Resplendent God who is the nourisher of all by His might know fully the hidden soul or Atman dwelling in the cave of the heart or intellect doing many noble deeds, He is Omnipotent.
As the sun with its rays and cultivator with his ploughs etc. draws and digs the ground, sows the seed and having obtained corn etc. makes the spring and other seasons full of happiness, in the same manner, God makes all seasons’ givers of happiness to all souls according their sap.
As kinsmen always nourish and gladden their relatives, in the same manner, these waters going up and down cause happiness to all beings like friends. Without them, it is not possible for any living or non-living (inanimate) object to grow. Therefore, they should be properly utilized by all.
The water which goes towards the sun being penetrated by the rays of the sun and made subtle, comes down in the form of the rain and when utilized scientifically and methodically in various conveyances or vehicles, increases happiness.
The rays of the sun penetrate all waters and draw all around the waters. Then they get earth and herbs. Wise men should use some water for drinking, bathing and activities connected with arts and industries and thus should enjoy happiness.
O men, having known the attributes of the waters which contain disease-destroying powers and which contain in themselves the medicinal herbs, use them for the removal of diseases the medicinal herbs, use them for the removal of diseases and the accomplishment of arts, crafts and industries.
Soma (Moon the king of all herbs or the Soma-moon creeper) denotes to me that within the waters dwell all balms that heal. The waters contain all healing herbs. The Agni particularly in the form of electricity is also the benefactor of the Universe.
Without the Pranas, it is not possible for any living being or even trees etc. to maintain their existence. Therefore, the best medicine or healing balm for the removal of hunger, thirst and all diseases are to use the Prana properly and methodically.
Whatever good or evil, merit or sin is done by people, they get the fruit of the same under the dispensation of God's Justice.
All beings get the fruit of their actions through air, water, fire and other elements in previous as well as in the present life.
God and enlightened seers and men know that the fire in the form of electricity confers upon me vigor, progeny and life. They also know that the good or bad actions done by me are the cause of my birth. Therefore, I should always keep company with such enlightened persons and have communion with God.

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Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 17 to 20

12/20/2024

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We should be like the shining sun and moon which are benefactors of the world causing happiness to us in all worldly activities and are protectors like a vast empire.
When men use the fire and water in machines, in a methodical proper manner, they become the means of the speedy motion of the conveyances (like the Railways) and by carrying men and articles, become the sources of happiness to all.
Men should know the properties of fire and water (Indra & Varuna) which when utilized properly lead to much happiness.
Men should give up laziness, perform good deeds, and have association with learned persons, so that ignorance and poverty may be rooted out.
Among all the objects like the earth etc. which are the means of the gift of food and other things, fire, electricity and sun (which are all denoted by the common term Indra) are very prominent. Similarly, the water, air and moon (all denoted by the common term Varuna) are praiseworthy on account of their attributes. If they are used in actions with knowledge, they accomplish various purposes. This should be known to all.
Men should acquire much wealth by the proper use of fire, water, air, electricity etc. and by saving and increasing it, should spend it properly to bring about the welfare of all in the State.
Those persons who properly utilize Indra and Varuna (fire and water etc.) in their works, having acquired manifold wealth and victory, enjoyed happiness and made others also happy.
I invoke or utilize Indra and Varuna (air and water) which quickly bestow happiness upon us, for the accomplishment of various works.
Men should know exactly the properties or attributes of every object with deliberation and then should derive benefit from them.

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 18

Only a person who is born of light of knowledge can be a teacher well-versed in the science of arts.
May God Who is the Lord of infinite wealth of knowledge etc. Who is the Destroyer of all diseases like ignorance and physical maladies, who increases the power of body and soul, who know all things. Who promptly giveth happiness, endow us with the wealth of wisdom and of other kinds.
None should ever keep company with a wicked person, nor should one resort to violence unjustly, but all should protect all with justice.
Those persons who accomplish their work having learnt the properties of the air, electricity, sun, Soma and other creepers do not lose happiness. There is no end to their happiness.
Those persons who keeping themselves away from sin, desire to increase their happiness, should meditate upon God and properly use air, the medicinal juice and noble virtues that lead to progress.
Those persons only enjoy happiness who meditate upon God the Omnipotent Lord of all and giver of all Bliss and who associate with the President of the assembly, a man of the best merits and temperament. They get intellect which is full of e knowledge of all Shastras and their practical shape. Having become industrious and learned, they become delighted.
God who is Omnipotent and Omniscient and without whom this world can never be accomplished, pervades and knows the association of intellects and actions.
Omniscient Lord performs this Yajna in the form of the universe, where external sacrifices are performed and which is attained by all, being visible. He makes all the articles of the sacrifice which are put in the fire-oblations. He promotes the course of this wonderful sacrifice (in the form of the world) and is attained by the persons possessing Divine (noble) virtues.
As an ordinary man sees the light of the sun pervading on all sides, in the same manner, he attains grand happiness and joy by seeing omnipresent God who possesses the light of knowledge on all sides.

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 19

This physical fire, which ignites with the famous Sun and electrical form winds, should be preached or listened to by the laudable intellect of scholars with special knowledge of virtues for the accomplishment of every action or for the protection of all.

God's glory is infinite. No one can attain its end. But one can know it according to one's intellect and knowledge in the State of deep concentration and the practice of Pranayama etc. Men know it only to the extent that the glory is manifest in nature and told in the Vedas. It is not possible to know it perfectly.
The enlightened persons only, devoid of malignity who know the great worlds along with fire and airs, enjoy happiness. O Self-effulgent God, you are realised with the help of the Maruts (Pranas).
Those airs which are having quality of high speed, do not get stopped by anyone and are present with a group of powers etc. and illuminate the Sun world etc. by their qualities. By these winds electricity and this fire gets obtained well from every direction and is helpful in accomplishment of the tasks.
Airs when purified through the Yajna destroy all diseases and when they are impure, destroy all happiness. Therefore, men should enjoy happiness and health by purifying the air with the help of the lire (of the Yajna).
The worlds like the earth and moon depend upon or are illuminated by the brilliant sun. The fire leads to much happiness with the help of the airs.
It is with the combination of the air that it rains and water and particles go up and then come down. It is on account of them, that electricity is produced and used for various purposes.
With the association of the gases, all articles grow and become full of force. Therefore, men should accomplish various purposes with the combination of the fire and air.
Men should accomplish their various works through the combination of the air, fire, water etc. as learned scientists do.

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 20

In this Mantra, the doctrine of Re-birth is enunciated. Whatever kinds of actions are performed by men, they get the same kinds of birth and enjoyment in the next.
Those wise persons who with their scientific knowledge and with their words, make subtle the attributes of movement and maintenance and for the attainment of prosperity, perform various Yajnas in the form of industrious works, enjoy happiness and prosper.
Those persons who read the Vedas with the Upavedas and with the scientific and other technical knowledge thus acquired about the properties of the fire, water, air etc. apply it in the Vehicles fitted with various machines construct aero planes and the like, never suffer from poverty and misery.
Ribhus (wise scientists and artisans) who are endowed with righteousness (or are honest), whose ideas are perfectly true, apply the fire and water which protect body and soul and which have the property of uniting and dissecting, for the accomplishment of works again and again.
When learned persons acquiring the knowledge of the air and electricity make Agneya and other weapon, and conveyances with the rays of the sun, they get victory over their enemies and enjoy happiness.
When learned persons see with their own eyes the pleasing and new accomplished work of an artist scholar which confers happiness on all, they make it again fourfold by accomplishing works of art made with the earth, water, fire and air.
All men should discharge the duties of the Ashramas (Stages of life) namely Brahmacharya, Grihastha, Vanaprastha and Sannyasa along with the respect for the wise, association with noble persons and charity to the needy and deserving. All this should be done with body, speech and mind. Those who thus discharge their duties, make others happy with their association and teachings by giving them wisdom and wealth. But these actions should be completed one by one and then others should be taken up with peace and labour.

Those wise men who are performers of noble deeds, by their pious and holy acts, dwelling among the enlightened persons perform all sacrificial functions and thus enjoy abiding joy and bliss.

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Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 13 to 16

12/13/2024

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We shall discuss the hymns, Sukta wise & Mandala wise. Our focus is on the implicit meaning of the various hymns instead of literal translations of the hymns. These purported meanings are based primarily on the English translations by Swami Dharmanand Saraswati of the works done by Swami Dayanand Saraswati.

Highlights –
In Mandala 1, Sukta 13 to 16 highlight importance of fire and water. Fire in different forms such as electricity etc. are source of happiness. Fire purifies water and air to generate various juices, knowledge, wisdom and preserves bodies and strength of people. Fire can be used in many mechanical devices becomes fit to travel on earth, water and the sky. The fire becomes the conveyer of divine attributes and happiness when its properties are properly known. It is electricity and lightning etc. that take the water away and bring it down in the form of rain. With the help of wire or telegram, electricity takes sound to distant countries. This electricity is the subtle form of fire. It pervades and upholds all the particles or gross forms and disintegrates them. The visible fire is originated from it and dissolves in it at the end.

Agni is considered the mouth of the gods and goddesses and the medium that conveys offerings to them in a homa. In a properly performed sacrifice, seven flames of the fire are supposed to shoot up, not just one or two. The hungry fire will lap up in seven tongues, and the seven tongues have their own names. Mundaka Upanishad (2.4) mentioned the seven tongues of Agni as kali, karali, manojava, sulohita, sudhamravarṇa, sphulingini and visvaruci. Agni himself rises up to receive our offering and take us to the gods so that, in their satisfaction, they lift us up to the abode of the gods.
It is the sun that divides the Time into the year, season, month, fortnight, days and nights and so on.

One should try to establish three divine virtues at every house (1) An admirable speech which is used for study and teaching (2) the speech possessing various kinds of knowledge and expressed in the form of sermons and (3) `policy which is to be admired and revered everywhere and which cannot be condemned by wrong arguments.

Men should unite two-fold action with every object, first to know its properties and second to accomplish from them some purpose and also thank to the God who made all this. When men utilize properly all articles made by the combination of the earth and the water etc., they become stimulators of digestive power and by keeping diseases away increase strength, intellect and wisdom and illuminate or reveal divine attributes. It is through His power that God fulfils the desires of all industrious and righteous persons according to their actions. Because God gives happiness to all beings by creating all good things.

Men should acquire knowledge, do good deeds and should perform Yajnas etc. in every house thoughtfully. They should invite scholars to learn knowledge and art sitting at their feet.

The hymn wise, purported explanations –

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 13

The man who collects various things and uses the fire which carries many vehicles, (in the form of steam, electricity etc.) enjoys happiness in many ways, by which a man is able to do the noble deeds of truth and justice etc.
When oblation is put in the fire, it purifies the air, water etch, preserves the bodies and herbs and generates various saps. By taking them in pure form, the knowledge, wisdom and strength of the people grow.
The material fire which is received in this world for the purpose of Yajna, is supposed to bring happiness to the living beings. That fire has seven tongues i.e. (1) kali which is the light of white etc. (2) Karali - It is difficult to bear. (3) Manojava nojva- It is as quick as the mind. (4) Sulohita - One which has excellent blood colour. (5) Sudhumravarṇa - One which has a beautiful fuzzy complexion. (6) Sphulingini – from which many sparks arise and (7) Visvarupi – which has all forms. Human beings should take favour of all things with the tongues of these seven types of fire.
All men should know that the fire used in many mechanical devices becomes fit to travel on earth, water and the sky, confers happiness on all and accomplishes various processes, that are beneficial to all.
Whatever Ghee (Clarified butter) etc. is put in the fire, that goes to the middle regions and purifies the water that is there. That covers all articles with fragrance, makes all people happy and healthy.
Men should make houses, sacrificial halls and conveyances of many doors so that persons may dwell there, perform Yajna and go in and come out easily.
All men should know that when day and night are utilized for doing good to others through the dissemination of knowledge, they become the cause of happiness and pleasure to all.
As there is electricity possessing speed and other divine attributes, there is also this well-known visible fire. These two kinds of fire cause the sight of all objects and when utilized properly and methodically, they accomplish many works of art and industry etch, therefore men should take all benefits from their proper use.
lla, Sarasvati Mahi, three Goddesses who bring delight, Be seated peaceful, on the grass. One should try to establish three divine virtues at every house (1) An admirable speech which is used for study and teaching (2) the speech possessing various kinds of knowledge and expressed in the form of sermons and (3) `policy which is to be admired and revered everywhere and which cannot be condemned by wrong arguments.
I invoke in this house or sacrificial hall, God who is All-pervading, being present in all forms, destroyer of all miseries, the Best of all. May He be for us the only object of worship. (2) I invoke or utilize in this science of art and industry, fire which is disintegrator of particles.
When men utilize properly all articles made by the combination of the earth and the water etc., they become stimulators of digestive power and by keeping diseases away increase strength, intellect and wisdom and illuminate or reveal divine attributes.
Men should acquire knowledge, do good deeds and should perform Yajnas etc. in every house thoughtfully. They should invite scholars to learn knowledge and art sitting at their feet. You should never neglect them on account of laziness. This is the commandment or injunction of God.

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 14

The Vedic mantras are chanted to invite the Omnipresent God to Yajna which is done in the company learned persons and delight-giving articles. These things give happiness to the people. Those who have desire for the pleasures of behavior and altruism, they accomplish their deeds in the association of fire with the instruments working in the air, water and earth, and aircraft etc. and taking the command of God, read and teach the Vedas and perform the rituals as the deeds said in Vedas. They only enjoy happiness in every way.
The fire becomes the conveyer of divine attributes and happiness when its properties are properly known. The fire which your intellects praise, can accomplish your many works. In this universe, when men see the objects created by God, they should say that all thanks are due to that Almighty.
Those persons who knowing the attributes of these objects like electricity, air, sun, moon light, Prana or vital energy, fire etc. created by God, utilize them properly in their acts, enjoy happiness themselves and make other also happy.
God says “the articles electricity, air etc. which are made by me should be properly utilized according to the medical science and technology. Those who do so, enjoy all kinds of happiness and bliss, by driving away, all diseases and getting victory by maintaining a strong army and drinking good juice of herbs and fruits etc.
O God, we possessing all necessary things that are to be taken, given and eaten, desirous of protection, having the habit of adoring all, glorify you as wise learned priests do.
It is electricity and lightning etc. that take the water away and bring it down in the form of rain. With the help of wire or telegram, electricity takes sound to distant countries. In the same way, other articles become conferrers of happiness. This is the command of God.
Men should do all noble works in the household life with the worship of God, with proper application of fire and by drawing in the sap of herbs and plants etc.
Men should unite two-fold action with every object, first to know its properties and second to accomplish from them some purpose. The things like electricity which take the sap from all gross objects and leave it behind, for their purification, men should put fragrant and other articles in the fire, so that they may bring about the happiness to and welfare of all beings.
If God would not have made all these objects, how could any man derive benefit from them.? If men are in a sleeping state, they cannot attain any object which is to be enjoyed. But they are able to enjoy only when they are awake. Therefore, the adjective Only a wise man can take proper advantage of all these articles.
This Agni (whether visible or invisible - Electricity) with air when properly used is the cause of much prosperity and the Prana takes sweet juice which gives peace. For this reason, it is the principal means of technology, art and craft.
God creates and upholds all men and other beings. He is the most Adorable Supreme Being in all actions, Contemplation (communion) and knowledge. Therefore, it is He who as the Performer of this vast Yajna in the form of the Universe, makes us happy.
Scholars should promulgate divine objects in the world after combining art instruments and aircraft etc. with fire etc. substances for the happiness of human beings.

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 15

It is the sun that divides the Time into the year, season, month, fortnight, days and nights and so on as stated by Manu in his Smriti. With these seasons etc. It takes the sap of the herbs from all places and draws the water. They dwell in the sky with the rays of the sun and come and go with the air.
According to seasons, in airs are also attributes which are the causes of various movements of other particles. When fragrant oblations are put into the fire which are full of ghee etc., they purify them and make everyone happy.
This electricity is the subtle form of fire. It pervades and upholds all the particles or gross forms and disintegrates them. The visible fire is originated from it and dissolves in it at the end.
The fire with seasons in this world causes us to obtain all divine things in three forms of birth, name or place (causes and effects) from all sides. It establishes them and decorates or makes them beautiful by its light and takes their sap.
Men should know the laws which are operating in the air and other elements established by God and they should accomplish their works. By the accomplishment of those works, they should bring about the welfare of all beings in all seasons. It should be borne in mind that when all these substances are used methodically in a proper manner, they become like friends, otherwise they become inimical to us.
What do Prana and Udana (The vital airs) do with seasons is taught in the 6th Mantra. The Prana is the friend of all which has its movement outwards and Udana is strengthening, moving inwards. The whole Yajna in the form of this universe is pervaded by these two, so that all works are accomplished.
All human beings should worship the God in all deeds, in performing the means of worship and knowledge, and in performing yajnas. Material fire is to be well planned for homa and craftsmanship.
All things created by God in this world give happiness only when they are properly utilized by the wise and learned persons.
Men should imitate only good actions and not bad. In all seasons only proper actions should be performed. One should go and stay where it is suitable and proper and one should properly eat and drink and dress according to the place where he dwells. Men should enjoy happiness constantly by acting according to these directions.
God is fourth as He is distinct from the Universe of three kinds namely gross, fine or subtle and causal. None should worship anyone else but God who is Omnipresent Innermost Spirit, Support of all and Adorable. None should be worshipped or adored in His place. There is none except God Who gives the fruits of actions done by the souls.
God says, the pairs like the sun and the moon which I have made for the accomplishment of various works, cause the attainment of happiness in all seasons and acquisition of perfection in dealings.
The fire which is useful for various domestic and other. works and is the main cause in the performance of Yajnas, enables an artist to unify divine dealings.

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 16

The rays of the sun are takers or drawers of all sap, giving light to all as well rain. They give happiness to all, when used by men with discrimination.
It is through the day and the night, bright and dark fortnight and Dakshinaayana and Uttaraayana-the progress of the sun to the south and the north of the equator) (which are all denoted by the general term Hare that the sun enables us to perform all delight-giving duties.
Now by the term Indra, three substances are taught. (God, Agni in the form of electricity) and the prana or Vital breath.
The substances particularly the fire, electricity and the sun that are to be used by us in arts and crafts etc. shine, come and go with the help of the air.
This Indra (Sun) comes with his rays to our Yajna (nonviolent sacrifice) where hymns of praise to God are uttered and to our practical workshops etc., where wealth is acquired like a thirsty stag to a tank. He drinks the sap of the herbs, plants etc.
The air upholds all the gross or subtle substances created by God in this world for increasing the strength of creatures, remaining with them. It is by its conjunction that the living beings get strength.
Men should know that this excellent air when purified is the source of great happiness.
The air gives happiness to all beings pervading the universe with its going and being speedy and destroyer of clouds. Without it, it is not possible for anyone to do worldly functions or duties.
It is through His power that God fulfils the desires of all industrious and righteous persons according to their actions. Because God gives happiness to all beings by creating all good things.

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Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 9 to 12

12/6/2024

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We shall discuss the hymns, Sukta wise & Mandala wise. Our focus is on the implicit meaning of the various hymns instead of literal translations of the hymns. These purported meanings are based primarily on the English translations by Swami Dharmanand Saraswati of the works done by Swami Dayanand Saraswati.

Highlights –
These hymns inform that the God is present in every atom and give protection to one and all. Like Sun, it is duty of learned persons to propagate knowledge and spread happiness to others. All men should engage themselves in learning art and industry after studying various sciences. Vedas being revealed by almighty, are the greatest source of knowledge about God, soul, matter etc. Everyone should work hard to acquire this knowledge from Vedas. He, who pervades excellent virtues, surrenders his grand most power and delights, becomes fortunate.

The sun breaks into pieces the solid cloud by his rays and makes it fall down upon the earth. It is by the gravitation of the sun that the earth and other worlds regularly rotate in their circumference by which are made the season and day and night etc.
Fire transports the atomized objects done in the yajna to space and is the reason for the attainment of the best. The fire, which is thus combined with substances having fragrance, etc., removes all the bad odours and is pleasing to all, should be put to good use. The fire in the form of electricity which is present in all articles, illumines the sun and this material fire and they disappear in it, at the end in subtle form. If men know the properties of these two fires (the material and the sun) and utilize them properly, many works, may be accomplished and much happiness may be derived from them. Persons should utilise the fire (visible and invisible in the form of electricity) for the accomplishment of various arts and industries and enjoy desirable happiness yourselves and help others also to do so.
Those men, who with love to listen the praises of God, the promulgator of the truth for living beings, the preachers of knowledge, they become enlightened after attaining complete happiness. God commands that the men should take shelter in the righteous person, give charity of fearlessness or harmlessness, overthrow the enemies by using all legitimate means and producing excellent things to the living beings.

The hymn wise, purported explanations –

Mandala 1 – Sukta - 9

As God is present in every atom of this Universe and protects all the worlds constantly, so the sun also being the greatest, draws the objects in his front towards himself, gives them light and keeps them in order under the Eternal laws of the Lord.
It is the duty of learned persons to propagate knowledge of all objects from God to earth to the people and thus make them active through the acquisition of knowledge and to attain happiness of all kinds.
Those persons who glorify the Lord, are devoted to Him, are righteous and industrious, knowing God as Omniscient Supreme Being, bestow happiness on all, are worthy of receiving all the happiness.
We souls possess finite knowledge; therefore, we should believe in what God Himself has revealed about His nature, attributes and acts. It is not possible for us to comprehend them fully. It is not possible for anyone to know fully God's nature, attributes and acts. Therefore, it is through the Vedas that learned persons should know industriously, all objects like God, soul, matter etc. All objects should also be properly utilized. God alone should be considered as Adorable and Protector.
For the happiness of soul and body by the grace of God and by their efforts, human beings should always use knowledge and majesty for their protection and progress and the right path or the best charity, which destroys the sorrows arising out of poverty and laziness.
All men should exert themselves in this world for the acquisition of knowledge, good kingdom and prosperity, obeying the commandments of God and being industrious and renowned on account of virtues. None can get these things without exertion and labour, because God gives all kinds of happiness only to the industrious persons.
Human beings should adopt celibacy, relinquish the dissipation of objects, study by the best rules of food, etc., make a desire to add the aforesaid wealth to enjoy the whole life, through their efforts, so that this worlds or next world (Spiritual knowledge), firm and vast i.e. superlative happiness always remains there, but this said happiness cannot be attained only by the prayer of God, but for its attainment, it is necessary to make full efforts.
O God! By your grace, the wealth with which you earn, by which you get an army that fulfils many pleasures, should be established in us regularly.
All persons should glorify God only, as the Lord of the world, Revealer of the Vedas and All-pervading Supreme Being. They should also imitate God's Justice and other attributes and by exerting themselves they should attain the best knowledge, kingdom and wealth and then preserve and develop them at all times.
One who obtains delights through injustice or is a scoundrel person, he also pervades excellent virtues through created things for that Great God, surrenders his grand most power and delights and becomes fortunate. Those devotees of God who are righteous, industrious, benefactors of all and learned alone enjoy the happiness of knowledge and the bliss of the Vast.

Mandala 1 – Sukta - 10

All men should worship God only i. e. they should always obey His commandments (contained in the Vedas) As those who study the Vedas and acquire their knowledge well, deliver sermons to others and thus make human family virtuous and elevated, so all others should also behave. This result cannot be achieved by anyone else except the true worshipper of God, because according to God's command, there is none else equal to Him, therefore one should worship Him (in his heart) and should sing His Glory.
As the sun moves the earth and other world, which are in front along with the airs, draws them and gives them light, so a man who with the help of the knowledge is able to do many deeds continuously, is able to accomplish works with the group of means. It is such a man that can attain happiness in this world made by God. God also shows kindness to him.
All men should engage themselves in learning art and industry after studying various sciences. As there is the sun's grand and vast light here in this world, in the same way, learned persons should disseminate the attributes of God and the light of knowledge everywhere.
To those who glorify God, pray to Him and have communion with Him according to the true Vedic knowledge, God as the Innermost Spirit of all, reveals the real meaning of the Mantras and constantly gives them true delight. Therefore, their knowledge and exertion never decay.
In this world whatever glory and beauty is there, they glorify and manifest God only, because the merits of the created objects praise the creator. In the same manner, God is praised and prayed to for the attainment of various objects, for whatever thing we pray to the Almighty God, can be obtained only through our own labour or exertion.
All persons should pray to God only for the attainment of all virtues and to none else, for He alone who is unparalleled. Omnipotent Lord and Friend of all can give all these things.
Oh God! Just as you have made your fame and world's happiness famous by creating the Sun-like world, in the same way, by your grace, may we also make our mind and senses pure with the light of knowledge and righteousness and are happily perfected; and by lighting up our fame, wealth and make all human beings constantly happy and glorified.
When someone asks how big is the God, the answer is that which cannot be covered by all the heavens etc., He is such, because He is eternal. Keep praying to Him for performing the best deeds and getting the best things. When no one can reckon whose virtues and deeds, then how can one be able to attain one’s end?
Being the omniscient God, listening the speech and habits of the living beings as they are, sustaining the whole world and being the friend of all, this (God) alone is always worthy of being known and prayed to by humans.
Men should know that God alone is the accomplisher of all our noble desires and giver of victory to us in battles. Taking shelter in God who protects all objects having created them and obeying His commands, with all labor, they should obtain their own happiness and that of others.
Those men, who with love listen to the praises of God, the Omniscient, pure, the promulgator of the truth for living beings, the preachers of knowledge, they become enlightened after attaining complete happiness. Having attained life, obtaining seer’s spirit, he treats all learned human beings with love.
O God whatever glory and praise is there in the world, it is all Yours. Whatever growth of happiness and bliss is there, all that glorifies Yours. Those who realize the attributes of God and the properties of the objects of His Universe enjoy happiness and always growing in wisdom become venerable, in the whole world.

Mandala 1 – Sukta - 11

All Vedic Speeches glorify the lord Who is Omnipresent, Absolutely True, giving victory to righteous persons and Immanent everywhere. They praise a hero who conquers unrighteous persons with righteous strength and who protects the righteous. This is the command of God.
Those persons who regard God and heroic persons as their friends, are never afraid of any one, being full of strength.
As in God's Universe, there are eternal protections and acts full of perfect justice, in the same manner, men should also give the gifts of fearlessness and knowledge to the people. If there were no God, how could this universe come into being? If God does not give, how can men live? Therefore, we should believe in God as the Creator of all objects of the world and Giver of all happiness.
Just as the sun created by God is the destroyer of diseases with his rays and the upholder of the earth by his gravitating force, so should a commander by his power weaken or destroy the force of his enemies, should create disunion among unrighteous persons by the use of peaceful persuasion and charity and other means and by imbibing many virtues, should always preserve Swarajya.
The sun breaks into pieces the solid cloud by his rays and makes it fall down upon the earth. It is by the gravitation of the sun that the earth and other worlds regularly rotate in their circumference by which are made the season and day and night etc. in the same way, the commander of an army should behave.
God commands all. Men should take shelter in a righteous heroic person and who is therefore praised by all, as sharks and other creatures take shelter in the ocean. They should give the charity of fearlessness or harmlessness and should conduct all the affairs of the State well with knowledge and should try to make all happy by taking away all their misery.
God commands that highly intelligent persons should overthrow enemies by using all legitimate means consisting of peaceful persuasion, charity, discord and punishment and should diffuse knowledge and extend righteous Government. They should always exert themselves in such a way that deceitful or cunning persons may not grow.
For the happiness of the living beings, in the world, by producing many excellent things and giving them to the living beings, all thanks to that God, all human beings should take His shelter.

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 12

God commands men to know well the properties of this fire which is like a messenger in taking things above and below, by the means of which different kinds of machines can be made and which gives speed to the various vehicles or conveyances. They should utilize it properly, so that material happiness may be enjoyed.
Persons should utilise the fire (visible and invisible in the form of electricity) for the accomplishment of various arts and industries and enjoy desirable happiness yourselves and help others also to do so. In the case of Agni (fire) the meaning is- This fire which is the giver of health and happiness (by purifying the atmosphere and the water) brings divine articles to us the performers of the Yajna in pure form.
The direct fire in which we do the yajna of the substances with fragrance etc., which by purifying the air and cloud waters, stay in the space with those substances creates divine happiness in this world, therefore we have to search for the qualities of this fire, it should be done, this command of God must be obeyed by everyone.
God commands- "O men! This fire is your messenger, because it transports the atomized objects done in the yajna to space and is the reason for the attainment of the best. By this the famous qualities of fire which are known to all human beings, they must be revealed to the world for the accomplishment of their works.
The fire, which is thus combined with substances having fragrance, etc., removes all the bad odours and is pleasing to all, should be put to good use. It is proper for all human beings to believe this word of God.
The fire in the form of electricity which is present in all articles, illumines the sun and this material fire and they disappear in it, at the end in subtle form. If men know the properties of these two fires (the material and the sun) and utilize them properly, many works, may be accomplished and much happiness may be derived from them.
Men should reveal God to the people for the acquirement of Dharma (righteousness) with true knowledge and fire for the accomplishment of true art, so that they may enjoy happiness by the removal of all diseases.
The meaning of the word messenger should be understood in two aspects, i.e. one in such a way that the transmission of knowledge to all human beings - on the God side, and in the material side - the transport of goods from one country to another has been assumed. Those believers, that is, those who meditate on the Omniscient in their heart, those men who are protected from God, are saved from sins, become righteous and attain great happiness and those who tactfully combine the material fire in the chariots like aircraft, etc., they also get protection in war etc. They are the ones who protect others.
Those who serve God by their truthful deeds and special knowledge, they attain transcendental virtues, holy deeds and best-best pleasures and from which this fire has been created to illuminate the divine qualities, from that fire men should take the excellent benevolence.
Whatever object a man desires to obtain for that he should pray to God and should exert himself well to obtain it. Whatever attributes of God and other objects are mentioned in the Veda, men should act accordingly, should know the nature of fire and other objects and should utilize them properly.
When God is pleased by righteous persons through the proper and methodical study of the Vedas and the performance of the actions sanctioned by them, He grants them wealth in the form of knowledge, heroism and other virtues and noble desires.
Being the light of divine knowledge, the Vedas have been taken from the word “Deva”. When human beings with true love praise God with the speech of Vedas, then that God pleases those human beings with knowledge. In the same way, this material fire, which is equipped with knowledge and skill, stays in the fuel etc. and uses all the rituals.

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Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 5 to 8

11/28/2024

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One who desire to become praise worthy, they all should sit together & meditate (on life, divinity, humanity, science and spirituality, and freedom), and sing the glory of God, master the Knowledge of electricity and Vayu (Air) and enjoy happiness.
The word Indra denotes here both God as Lord of the Universe and Dispenser of justice according to the good or bad actions of the people and air. God is to be glorified and the air which is the cause of the sustenance of all creatures and should be properly utilized for the benefit of all.
God helps those who are industrious and not lazy fellows. The air also is made useful for various purposes by industriousness. No one can increase his wealth without exerting himself. No one can attain true happiness without God and air. Therefore, all men should become diligent and optimistic.

So long as men are not devoted to the Almighty God and do not become mighty themselves, they do not get the power of weakening un-righteous enemies.
It is God who out of Kindness, creates this world for giving fruits of the actions performed by the souls. It is that absolutely Pure God Who purifies the world and the souls through the sun and the air. But only those persons who make proper use of them and are industrious in acquiring virtues themselves and prompt others also to do so, become pure and happy.
Unless you engage yourself in doing good to others having become old in knowledge (erudite) and experienced, you will not be a true man and will not attain the best happiness. Therefore, you should be industrious and righteous.
God blesses a righteous soul. He who becomes learned and engages himself in doing good to others, is always industrious. It is only then, that taking advantage of those objects he makes others happy, none else can enjoy true happiness.
Vedic Chants of praise and hymns magnify the power, speech full of wisdom and truth.
God gives power to all to work. Having attained strength, may we exert ourselves for bringing about the welfare of and happiness to all.
The only object of our devotion is that our fellow-brothers bear no malice towards us. May mortal men never hurt us. Keep us away from all adversaries.

Mandala 1 – Sukta - 6

Those persons who are in communion with Omnipresent God, who is Great are kind and non-violent in their hearts knowing all animate and inanimate objects, shine in Resplendent God. Those who know the real nature of the sun and the prana, shine. They become glorious.
Harness the two attributes of the sun or the fire in the form of attraction and speed, making proper use of them in various kinds of conveyances for travelling on earth, in water and the sky, which are means of motion, carrying people far away.
Men should get up early in the morning (before the dawn) by giving up all idleness, should exert themselves for dispelling ignorance and poverty, should acquire the knowledge of God & Science and get the proper benefit out of all objects.

After the heat of the sun, the winds bear the water-carrying form. Before the rain, the winds (monsoons) are full of watery vapours.
As men carry things and put them in proper places, so the sun scatters his rays with his force and attains (touches) all objects. Then he pierces them and with the winds that break down things, he places them in the middle region.
As learned persons who desire to become enlightened truthful people, make their great intellect full of the knowledge of all objects which bring about happiness. The ears which listen to the teachings of the Vedas, in the same manner, the winds possessing great speed and other qualities, accomplish well the proper use of all powers of the sciences and arts enabling them in every way.
God has created and sustained the sun, the air and other objects of the universe by His immanence and Power. Among these various objects, all shine with the sustaining power, attraction and light of the sun and the air.
Yajna, which brings about happiness and protection, performed with the oblation of the pure articles put in the fire through the purification of the air and the rays drives away diseases and makes all beings vigorous and happy.
The air which is the cause of all dealings of the speech, going everywhere taking things from this place to that, raises the drops of water from the earth, carries them upwards and then along with the light of the sun or the clouds, it rains down water on earth. All objects are based upon this air which dwells within and outside.
The rays of the sun pierce the objects like water etc. on the earth and make them subtle, so that they go upwards along with the air but solar world is the greatest among the worlds.

Mandala 1 – Sukta - 7

Men should ponder over the meanings of the Vedic Mantras, should understand the real nature & attributes of God, the sun and the air and then should exert themselves for the welfare of all, by utilizing all objects properly.
As this air which is mixed up with all objects, unites its properties of removing and taking which are instrumental in all dealings of the speech, in the same way, the shining sun which possesses heat and is the cause of making the year, unites its property of taking and removing with all things. (The sun dispels darkness and spreads light).
Indra (the solar energy or wind energy), the bond of unity and sustenance in things, co-existent synthesis of equal and opposite complementarities of positive and negative, activate speech and the light of the day and the year. Just as by the combination of air, speech, hearing, etc., and all things move, arrive, hold and touch, so also the combination of the Sun causes light and piercing of objects. The Sun is the cause of periods like seconds, minutes, hour, days, months and years.
God Who is the Creator and Lord of the world has placed the sun on high in the sky, so that people may see well all objects with his rays. The sun draws the water of the oceans up, keeps it there through the air and then takes it below. That is the cause of the rain.

It is the nature of God to bestow His favour on the godly men and not on the lazy ones. Therefore, those men who protect the kingdom by winning great wars with the help of virtuous bodies and souls, free from partiality and sacrificing laziness, they are happy having attained great fortune.
By means of Sun and wind, rain etc. accomplishes the utmost happiness of the world. In the same way, men also should properly utilize sun-light and pure air in order to get strength and victory.
The man who firmly sticks to truth, knowledge and the command of God, that Inner Most Spirit dispels all the darkness of his ignorance, so that he never goes astray from the path of righteousness and exertion.
Human Beings are not capable of knowing the end of the qualities of God. Because God is of infinite qualities and infinite powers, but as much as one is capable of taking favour from those things, one should take it in every way.
Only human beings can attain God, because they are in the nature of increasing knowledge. And righteousness is the nature of men of knowledge to attain God. And the Sun which God has created and established in the orbit. The sun also is able to attract the worlds nearby. He revolves on his own axis.
God alone Who is the Supreme Ruler of all, the Inner most Omnipresent Spirit, Giver of all wealth (internal and external) un-paralleled, only One, the Creator of the world attracting all towards Himself, should be worshipped by all as Adorable. That unfortunate person who regards anyone else as Adorable in the place of one God, always suffers and becomes miserable.
One should not regard anyone else as Adorable instead of God because there is none else who is the Lord of the Universe. Anyone who regards many Gods is to be considered as ignorant.

Mandala 1 – Sukta - 8

All human beings should take shelter of the Almighty Inner-dweller God and with all their efforts should keep the progress of knowledge, wealth and army etc., which increase the joy in every way, so that they themselves and all living beings may be happy.
Those who are devoted to God should always be protected by the righteous and they should crush the ignoble wicked persons by developing their physical and spiritual power, so that unrighteous enemies may disappear.
Men should take shelter in God and Dharma (righteousness), should be strong in body and develop their soul force through wisdom, possessing full war-materials, mutual friendship and unity, zeal and other good qualities, should enjoy happiness by defeating the un-righteous enemies.
There are two types of braveries, one is the nourishment of the body and the other is the nourishment of the soul combined with knowledge and righteousness. Knowing the works of God's creation from these two, having justice, patience, good nature and best qualities by concerted efforts etc., one should always maintain the kingdom with management and keep the evil enemies at bay.
One should thank the eternal powerful God for the victory over the wicked enemies affected by Him, by men, warriors and warriors of the nature of righteous warfare. Therefore, human beings should always progress and develop the state without being proud.
The heroes should engage themselves in battles with unrighteous foes and persons endowed with genius and desirous of acquiring and spreading special or scientific knowledge, should train children.
As God has created the ocean which is the cause of storing the water and rain, so the Prana is the cause of speech. In the same manner, God has made the sun cause of the earth's light and gravitation as well as of taking the juice of herbs, plants etc. By these i. e. the ocean, Prana and the sun, many purposes are accomplished.
As trees like the mangoes, Jack fruit etc. with their flowers and fruits are very beneficial, in the same manner, the Vedas revealed by God are givers of great knowledge of various sciences, of delight and bliss. It is only great scholars who can reveal their truths to others for their benefit.
Those righteous persons who are industrious and benefactors of others, having fully protected riches of all kinds are respected everywhere.

Just as the Creator is praised after seeing the special creation of good things in this world, similarly thanks are given to God after seeing the most famous and not-so-best materials and special creations of the world.

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Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 1 to 4

11/14/2024

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The term “Agni” should here be taken to connote the idea of the Omnipotent and Omniscient God and not material fire. Agni the Self-effulgent Lord is the Protector of the vows of the enlightened persons. The vow that enlightened wise men observe is the vow of practicing truthfulness in thought, word and deed.
The thermic energy (Agni) being the plier of conveyances to their destinations and quick in motion is called the quick carrier of transport.
By fervent adoration of God who is Self-effulgent Supreme Being, a devotee obtains from Him day by day such excellent possessions as impart happiness through the strengthening of body, mind and soul possessions which bring great fame and include the strongest, the bravest and the most accomplished children and other relations. The word Agni used in the Mantra also stands for fire, heat and electricity etc. by properly using which for personal benefit, a man obtains much material wealth and fame by utilizing it for charitable purposes.
The Yajnas sanctioned by the Veda are non-violent and they alone are acceptable to God.
Agni (fire, heat, electricity etc.) is created by God and possesses wonderful divine attributes which are useful for various arts and crafts. A learned but righteous and industrious man alone deserves to have these advantages and none else.
God is the Dispenser of Justice, the kind Friend and well-wisher of all. It is only by meditating on Him that the human soul attains happiness in this world and in the next. God is called Angirah, because He is the very Life of all worlds and as Inner Self of all beings is Life of our life.
we approach God Day and night with our intellects and good actions, so that He shall bless us with the light of true knowledge.
The Supreme Being is untainted by the shortcomings of decay and ignorance, teaching the path of truth to all soul sand remains in His state of Pure Absolute existence and Perfect Bliss. By worshipping Him, we too shall rejoice in prosperity and the possession of true knowledge.
All persons should make an effort and pray in the following manner. O Almighty God, kindly protect us and ever engage us in good works, be kind to us and grant us the grace to lead noble lives.

Mandala 1 – Sukta - 2

God creates all the objects of the world and decorates them (so to speak). In the same manner, air also protects universe. Without air, none can be sustained and protected. God listens to the earnest prayer of the soul, being the Innermost Soul of all. It is with the help of the air that a living being can hear sound.
God is to be glorified and the properties of the air are to be described for the benefit of all.
The attributes of God and the air have been described, in this Verse. It is said, “O Lord of cosmic vitality, your inspiring voice resounds all through the thoughts and feelings of your devotees, the preceptors of your divine wisdom, who have tasted the sweetness of your favours.”
In this Mantra, it is mentioned which are the objects to be obtained and how they are obtained. Because Yajnas producing water with various activities and all attainable enjoyments shine on account of the sun and the air and when they come.
The God has created the sun and the air to uphold and give light to all the objects of universe. The enlightened men who like the sun are dispellers of the darkness of ignorance and strong men are like the wind. Such men get wealth (material and spiritual) soon.
As the sun and the air are respectively illuminer and nourisher of all objects such as plants in the universe, so are the soul and the Prana residing in the body, cause the growth or development of juice of the essential ingredients of the body and with their actions and intelligence accomplish their objects and reap the fruit of the deeds done by them. But the God is the Upholder or Sustainer of all.
As on account of the sun and the air, the water goes to the sky from oceans and it causes rain preserving and protecting all, in the same way, the Prana and Apana (Inhalation & Exhalation) also preserve and protect the body.
Mitra and Varuna are created by God. They are augmenters of truth and water and causes of establishing contact with God. By virtue of the divine law, Mitra and Varuna, sun and pranic energy, both extend the operation of the natural law of cosmic evolution and inspire the human intelligence to reach unto divine realisation. They both pervade and energize the mighty yajna of the expanding universe.
The Mitra and Varuna are givers of happiness. They maintain strength and accomplish many deeds.

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 3

It is said about the Ashvinau that with their help, one can travel very far on earth and also in the sky through the conveyances like aero planes etc. It is clear that by Ashvinau here fire and water are meant.
Those who desire to acquire proficiency in art and industry, should make experiments with hands utilizing the water and Agni (fire, electricity etc.) properly.
When you will make full and proper use of the Ashvinau (water and fire etc.) which affect the Prana or Vital breath, whose attributes are true and destroyers of miseries, and which are instrumental in quick movement of various conveyances, then you will attain material happiness in this world.
Indra stands both for God and the sun whose glory is shining everywhere. It is they that give light to all. All should use them properly for spiritual and secular purposes.
People should try to have the realization of God who is the First Efficient Cause or Origin of the Universe, with intellect and wisdom. Without it, He cannot be attained by anyone.
People should know that this Vayu (air in the universe and Prana inside the body) is the means of eating, drinking, taking, evacuation and distribution of essential ingredients in the body. It is this that nourishes, develops and causes decay at the end.
All learned people whether they are in one place like a school or going from place to place to make ignorant people learned, so that all may always enjoy happiness, possessing knowledge, righteousness, good education and good deeds.
One should never show any kind of sloth or laziness in diffusing the light of good knowledge, action and meditation.
One should be always givers of knowledge and happiness to all persons, being free from violence and malice, possessing vast learning and being engaged in good deeds.
All men should have pure speech which is full of all knowledge and possessing practical wisdom born of all sciences, efficient to lead to action and doing good to all.
It is only the science and true speech of the learned persons who are pure in thought, word and deed, which is full of all knowledge and devoid of all deceit that can give true knowledge to the people.
As the ocean of water when shaken by the wind and illuminated by the sun along with its waves gives out many useful gems and jewels, in the same way, the Vedic speech which enlightens the words used in the Vedas and present in the sky and the sermons of enlightened persons gives true and accurate knowledge and intellect to the people.

Mandala 1 – Sukta - 4

As a good milch-cow is procured for the man who desires milk, in the same way, righteous learned persons accomplish their works by the attainment of noble virtues like knowledge and others, through the communion with God.
The sun with its rays is the protector of all objects in this world and the source of joy to the soul. Besides Sun, bliss of the Lord is the giver of the knowledge.
When people receive education and instruction by sitting at the feet of the righteous scholars, they do not wander hither and thither. They enjoy happiness by acquiring the knowledge of all objects from the earth up to God.
It is the duty of all persons to know who is a highly learned wise man devoted to God and engaged in doing good to others. Then they should approach him and by the way of questions and answers, they should get all their doubts dispelled. But they should not associate themselves with those persons who are devoid of knowledge and should not believe in what they say.
Let those persons who are devoted to God and who are established (Well-versed) in all sciences and firm in the performance of righteous acts and Labor, deliver discourses to us. But let those persons who are devoid of knowledge, who are in the habit of censuring others unjustly and who are wicked hypocrites, go away from our residence and also from all places i. e. let not un-righteous persons remain anywhere.
When all persons having given up animosity, become engaged in doing good to others, then even enemies are turned into friends, because then God's Grace and His abiding bliss are attained by all.
God shows kindness only towards an industrious person and not towards the lazy. Why? because unless a man exerts himself fully, he cannot even protect or preserve things got by the Grace of God. Therefore, men should desire or pray for the Grace of God after exerting themselves fully, becoming industrious.
God helps or supports only righteous fighters and not others. So, you should also destroy all diseases and wicked enemies and should protect a brave righteous person, who is engaged in waging war against unrighteous foes.
Only that learned person acquires wealth and is victorious who makes un-righteous weak or powerless and having controlled his senses, obeys God's commands.
Always worship that Great God who being merciful is the Protector, Accomplisher and Giver of wealth (both material in the form of gold etc. and spiritual in the form of Wisdom). A man should not rest content only with the glorification of God, but should obey God's commands and refrain from doing un- righteous deeds, knowing that God sees all. He Should desire God's help and be engaged in doing noble actions.

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Rigveda made Easy

11/8/2024

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The Rig Veda is the oldest of the four Vedas which date back thousands of years before Christ. The Vedas are in Sanskrit language. In present times, our education system does not include Sanskrit as compulsory language of teaching. Absence of knowledge of Sanskrit language among masses deprived the maximum population from the Hindu treasure of knowledge.

In the Rig-Veda, Agni (Fire) is called the "first born of creation," and represents the pure and primordial energy of the universe that was created at the moment of Big Bang. At this moment two "numinous" forces, "Prakriti," the creative power of the Supreme Spirit of the universe, and "Purusha," the omniscient and all-pervasive mind of the cosmos, united to create the "phenomenal" universe. The Rig-Veda tells us that this primal energy later transforms into (1) the energy of life (Vaishvanar Agni), (2) the energy of thought (Pragya Agni), and (3) the Radiation energy (Taijas Agni).

Why Rigveda is so Precious –

The stories within the Rig Veda called the Suktas were a reflection of the Hindu philosophy and belief system.
Several Hymns in Rigveda were used for ritualistic purposes in marriages and other religious ceremonies. There are other interesting iterations of the Suktas which were purposed to drive away illness and other forms of negativity from one’s life.
The Rigveda also describes the several infinitely good and great qualities of God. God possess many attributes including: Omnipotence, Rulership, Omniscience, Transcendence, Extraordinary brilliance, having a cosmic form, Being the inner controller, Incomparability etc. He is the greatest friend and protector of his devotees. He is very generous and fulfils all their desires. He is supremely adorable.
In Rigveda, the Mantras are indicative. There is simile used is the Mantras. The hidden meanings / implications of various mantras of Rigveda are based on translations of commentaries of Swami Dayananda Saraswati done by Swami Dharmanand Saraswati or by Dr Krishnakant Vedic Shastri.

Why Rigvedic hymns praise Vedic deities -
The Rigveda is composed of ten Mandalas each of which serves significant purposes. The primary purpose is seen as verses in the praise of the Hindu deities. The Rigvedic hymns are dedicated to various deities which are different from the present-day deities. As per Hinduism, there is only one God who is Formless, All pervasive, the cosmic consciousness. This cosmic consciousness manifested into three worlds, the upper, lower and middle regions.

In Rig Veda (Mandala 3.62.10), the highly revered mantra i.e., Gayatri Mantra is mentioned. Its recitation is traditionally preceded by Om and the formula bhur bhuvaḥ svaḥ. Om - Primeval sound; Bhur - Earth, Physical realm, Human Body; Bhuva - Antariksha, Intermediate Space, Consciousness, Prana, Vital energies; Suvah - Sky, Heaven, Soul, Spiritual realm, bliss. The Vedic Deities are classified into these three realms and represent the nature forces. The hymns are to praise and please these Vedic deities for material and other gains.

Terrestrial Gods – Prithvi - Earth; Agni - Fire; Soma – a sacred plant; Apas - the waters;
Atmospheric (mid-region) Gods – Indra - the God of Thunder and Rain; Vayu or Vata - Air; Maruts - the Wind Gods; Parjanya - the God of rain and water
Heavenly Gods – Varuna - the all-comprehending sky; Ashwins - representing the morning and evening stars; Surya – Sun as source of light, Savita & fertility; Savitri – Dawn, solar deity before sunrise; Mitra - as beneficent energy; Usha – the dawn; Dyaus Pita - the shining sky, Father Heaven; Pushan - as source of plant life and agriculture; Vishnu - as the swift moving Sun; Adityas – the gods of light & rays;

Why Rigveda is having so many chapters -
Rig-Veda is organized in 10 books called Mandalas. The verses of each mandala (book) are generally composed by single rishi family. These mandalas have 1028 suktas (chapters). These suktas have10552 mantras (hymns). These mandalas are composed by various rishi families based on divine inspirations.

The first and 10th Mandalas are the youngest and the longest books. Second to Seventh Mandalas are oldest parts of Rig-Veda but the shortest books. 8th and 9th books are of mixed ages.

What is the Composition of Rigveda -
Rigveda Samhita is the composition of verses, called as Rik, meaning praise.

Mandala 1 (191 hymns) is primarily dedicated to deities like Agni, Indra, and Varuna. This includes the philosophical Riddle Hymn, which influenced later Upanishads such as the Mundaka. It is attributed to Maducchanda, Medhatithi, Gotama & many more rishis.
Mandala 2 (43 hymns): It focuses on Agni and Indra and is attributed to Rishi Gṛitsamada Saunahotra.
Mandala 3 (62 hymns): It hymns to Agni, Indra, and the Vishvedevas, with the significant inclusion of the Gayatri Mantra. It is attributed to rishi Vishvamitra.
Mandala 4 (58 hymns): It comprises hymns to Agni, Indra, and Rbhus, among others and is attributed to Vamadeva Gautama.
Mandala 5 (87 hymns): It addresses Agni, Indra, Visvedevas, Maruts, and twin-deity Mitra-Varuna, mainly attributed to the Atri.
Mandala 6 (75 hymns): It is dedicated to Agni, Indra, and a broad range of deities and is associated with the Bharadwaja.
Mandala 7 (104 hymns): It contains hymns to Agni, Indra, Visvadevas, and other deities and is attributed to Vasistha.
Mandala 8 (103 hymns): It includes various hymns to different gods, with the Valakhilya hymns considered apocryphal. It is associated with the rishis Kaṇva and Angirasa.
Mandala 9 (114 hymns): It is exclusively devoted to Soma Pavamana, related to the sacred potion in Vedic rituals. It is associated with the different rishis.
Mandala 10 (191 hymns): It contains later language hymns to Agni, Indra, and others; includes significant hymns like the Nadistuti sukta (praise of rivers) and the Nasadiya sukta (speculations on creation). It is attributed to Vimada, Indra, Shachi and many others.

Who brought Rigveda to Masses -
In the 14th century, Sayana who lived in 1300 during Vijayanagar empire, wrote an exhaustive commentary on the complete text of the Rigveda in his book Rigveda Samhita. This book was translated from Sanskrit to English by Max Müller in the year 1856. Others are H. H. Wilson (1850-1888), Ralph T. H. Griffith (1889-1892), Swami Satya Prakash Sarasvati and Satyakam Vidyalankar (1977-1987), R. L. Kashyap (Sri Aurobindo Kapali Sastry Institute of Vedic Culture, 2004-2009), Prasanna Chandra Gautam (2012), Tulsi Ram (2013), Swami Dharmanand Saraswati (based on commentaries of Swami Dayanand Saraswati) and Stephanie W. Jamison and Joel P. Brereton (2014).

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