The science in Sanskrit & Hindi language

Every Syllable of Sanskrit & Hindi language has science & meaning. The research shows distinctive advantages of Devanagari script in brain activity. Sanskrit too has this advantage as it is written in Devanagari script. The National Brain Research Centre (NBRC) scientists have discovered that reading Devnagari script involves more areas of human brain than roman scripts. All European languages like French, German Spanish etc use roman script. This means learning Sanskrit and Hindi are more advantageous for human brain. No wonder Indian students are excelling intellectually all over the world.

The scientists at National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have acknowledged that Sanskrit is the most scientific language in which the words are written exactly in the manner they are spoken or thought of. If talking computers become a reality in the future, Sanskrit would be the most useful language for them.

A syllable is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds typically made up of a syllable nucleus with optional initial and final margins. Syllables are often considered the phonological "building blocks" of words. They can influence the rhythm of a language, its prosody, its poetic metre and its stress patterns.

Sanskrit alphabets contain 46 letters (13 vowels - अ, आ, इ, ई, उ, ऊ, ऋ, ऋ, लृ ए, ऐ, ओ, औ & 33 consonants - क्, ख, ग, घ, ङ्  च्, छ, ज्, झ्, ञ्  ट्, ठ, इ द्, ण्  त्, थ्, द्, ध्, न्  प्, फ्, ब, भ म्  य् र् ल्, व्  श्, ष्, स्, ह्) and Hindi Alphabets contain 52 letters (13 vowels - अ, आ, इ, ई, उ, ऊ, ए, ऐ, ओ, औ, ऋ अं अः, & 39 consonants - क, ख, ग, घ, ङ, च, छ, ज, झ, ञ, ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण, त, थ, द, ध, न, प, फ, व, भ म श, ष, स, ह य’, ‘र’, ‘ल’ व  क्ष, त्र, ज्ञ, श्र  ड’ एवं ‘ढ)). The writing direction is Left-To-Right, Horizontal. Sanskrit was the classical literary language of the Indian Hindus and Panini (6th – 5th BCE) is considered the scholar who standardised the grammar of Sanskrit language and founded classical Sanskrit. The pre-Classical form of Sanskrit is known as Vedic Sanskrit. The earliest attested Sanskrit text is the Rigveda. from the mid- to late-second millennium BCE.

The official Hindi alphabet has 46 letters divided into 11 vowels and 35 consonants. On the other hand, the traditional Hindi alphabet has 46 letters including 13 vowels and 33 consonants. Hindi uses more consonants than English does, and some of them have no direct equivalent in English.

• 3Velar consonants, pronounced by using the back of the tongue at the roof of your mouth:
• Velar consonants, pronounced by using the back of the tongue at the roof of your mouth.
• Palatal consonants, pronounced by raising the front of the tongue just behind the gums.
• Retroflex consonants, pronounced by curling the tongue backwards and touching the roof of your mouth just behind the gums.
• Flap consonants, pronounced by “flapping” the tip of your tongue toward the roof of your mouth behind your upper front teeth.
• Dental consonants, pronounced by touching the tip of your tongue behind the back of your upper front teeth.

Hindi Vowels & Consonants are governing scientifically in their pronunciation. Vocal cords and use of tongue are scientifically designed.
Vowels –

1. Root vowels (Hrasva or mool swar – अ, इ, उ, ए, ओ) Their pronunciation takes a certain amount of time to pronounce them.
2. Long vowels (Dirgh swar - आ, ई, ऊ, ऐ, औ)– Their pronunciation takes twice as long as the root vowel.
3.  Plut vowels (Plut swar) - The pronunciation of the plut vowel takes three times as long as the root vowel. Like ओउम्।
4. Dependent Vowels - In Hindi, the vowels have a dependent form called matra (मात्रा). Each vowel has a definite symbol called Matra (मात्रा). They cannot be written alone and have to be accompanied by a consonant. आ (ा), इ (ि), ई (ी), उ (ु), ऊ (ू), ऋ (ृ), ए (े), ऐ (ै), ओ (ो), औ (ौ)

Consonants -

1. Touch Consonants - These are those consonants whose pronunciation is performed with the tongue touching the original pronunciation places (larynx, palate, pharynx, teeth, lips). The first five groups of consonants (25) fall in the category of touch consonants. Tongue touches the following –
   • Larynx: क, ख, ग, घ, ङ (ka, kha, ga, gha, ṅa)
   • Palate: च, छ, ज, झ, ञ (ca, cha, ja, jha, ña)
   • Pharynx: ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण (ṭa, ṭha, ḍa, ḍha, ṇa)
   • Teeth: त, थ, द, ध, न (ta, tha, da, dha, na)
   • Lips: प, फ, ब, भ, म (pa, pha, ba, bha, ma)
2. Non-Touching Consonants - The consonants that do not touch any part of the mouth. When they are pronounced, they are pronounced from inside the mouth. These are 4 - य, र, ल, व् (ya, ra, la, v)
3. Heat Consonants – These consonants produce heat while being pronounced.  These are also 4 in number श, ष, स, ह (śa, ṣa, sa, ha).
4. Combined Consonants – These consonants are formed by the combination of two consonants. क्ष (क्+ष) - kṣa (k+ṣa), (त्+र) - tra (t+ra), (ज्+ञ) - jña (j+ña), (श्+र) - śra (ś+ra)
5. Labial consonants, pronounced by using the lips together.
6. Semivowels are vowel-like consonants.
7. Sibilant consonants, pronounced by using the tip of the tongue to push air out in a hissing noise.
8. Glottal consonants, pronounced by using the glottis.