BONDAGE of Soul

Soul has essence of seven virtues i.e Love, peace, Happiness, Knowledge, Power, Purity and Bliss. Spiritual body or soul is Chitta Kosh & Sat Kosh.
Taittiriya Upanishad has described that soul has five sheaths or layers which is called as Panchkosh viz. Annamay kosh, Pranmay kosh, Manomay Kosh, Vigyanmay Kosh & Anandmay Kosh.
Due to ignorance, the soul identifies itself with the physical body and its constituents – mind, ego and Intellect which are products of Prakriti.

Piling up of karmas creates karmic account, decides next birth, age and pleasures and pains in life. Some miseries bring problems & disturbances immediately and other remains in mind & continue to irritate for long and create miserable experiences due to pancha Klesha viz. avidiya, raag, dwesh, asmita and abhinivesh. Person suffers by natural calamities, diseases and other living beings.
 
The various aspects of bondage of soul are discussed here-under.

Panch Kosh:

1. Annamay Kosh (Food Sheath) - Outermost of the Pancha koshas.  It physical body sustained by intake of food. It includes five organs of perception (sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch), and the five organs of action (prehension, locomotion, articulation, excretion, procreation). 
2. Pranmay Kosh (Energy Sheath or the life force). It the force that holds together the body and the mind. Its physical manifestation is the breath.
3. Manomay Kosh (mind or manas as distinctly different from intelligence - Sheath). It is the mental faculty that receives all the five sensory inputs, interprets them as good or bad.
4. Vigyanmaya kosha (wisdom or intelligence sheath) – It is the faculty of intelligence and reasoning. This knowledge sheath, which seems to be followed by a reflection of the power of the chit (consciousness or awareness), is a modification of prakrti. It is endowed with the function of knowledge and identifies itself with the body, organs etc.
5. Anandamaya kosha, "bliss" sheath (Ananda) - In the Upanishads the sheath is known also as the causal body. It is composed of Supreme bliss, is regarded as the innermost of all. The bliss sheath normally has its fullest play during deep sleep: while in the dreaming and wakeful states, it has only a partial manifestation. The blissful sheath (anandamaya kosha) is a reflection of the Atman which is truth, beauty, and bliss absolute.

 
Spiritual Body

Spiritual body is Chitta Kosh & Sat Kosh.
 

1. Chitta Kosh (spiritual wisdom), body of consciousness. 
2. Sat Kosh (the final state of merging with the Infinite)

 
Karmic Account & Expressions of Miseries
1. (Pantanjali’s Yoga Sutra 12-क्लेशमूलः कर्माशयो दृष्टादृष्टजन्मवेदनीयः)
i.e. Karmic account is root cause of miseries (Klesh) which is evident in current birth or future births. (Karmic account is piling of karmas.)
 
2.     (Pantanjali’s Yoga Sutra 13 - सति मूले तद्विपाको जात्यायुर्भोगाः ॥)
i.e. Karmic account decides next birth (जाति), age (आयु)and pleasures and pains (भोग का विपाक). (Till karmic account remains birth, death and re-birth continues.)
 
3.     (Pantanjali’s Yoga Sutra 15 - परिणामतापसंस्कारदुःखैर्गुणवृत्तिविरोधाच् च दुःखम् एव सर्वं विवेकिनः ॥ meaning - परिणाम ताप, संस्कार से दुख एवं गुण तथा वृत्ति के विरोध से दुख – विवेकी सर्वत्र दुख देखता है
i.e. miseries (दुख) are resulted immediately (परिणाम दुख), continue to irritate long time (ताप दुख), remains in mind & create miserable experiences (संस्कार दुख ) and cause due to continuous changeover from one gunas (sattvik, Rajas & Tamas) to other (गुण और वृत्ति के विरोध से दुख). Wise person see it all over.
 
The above four kind of miseries express into राग (Raag, Attachment); द्वेष (Dwesh, Aversion); मोह (Moh, emotional attachment); हिंसा (Hinsa, Injuring) and लोभ (Lobh, Greed) which ultimately create waves of seven passions of mind (vicars) - Kama (Lust or desire), Krodh (Rage, anger or hatred), Lobh (Greed), Moh (delusory emotional attachment), Ahankar (Ego or pride), Mada (passion) and Matsarya (envy, jealousy).
 
4.     (Pantanjali’s Yoga Sutra 31 - दुःखदौर्मनस्याङ्गमेजयत्वश्वासप्रश्वासा विक्षेपसहभुवः ॥) meaning - दुख, दौर्मनस्य, अंगमेजयत्व, श्वास एवं प्रश्वास – ये चित्तविक्षेप से अनुभूत होते हैं ।
i.e. Disturbances cause miseries (दुख) in mind and body. These are caused by Nature (आधिदैविक), mind (आध्यात्मिक) and other living beings (आधिभौतिक). Non-fulfilment of desire cause emotional disturbance (दौर्मनस्य). Weakness in body and nervous system cause forced vibrations (अंगमेजयत्व), problems in inhalations & exhalations.
Nature creates disturbances by earthquake, flood, cold & heat waves, tsunami, etc. Mind creates miseries in body and mind – in  mind - seven vicars - Kama (Lust or desire), Krodh (Rage, anger or hatred), Lobh (Greed), Moh (delusory emotional attachment), Ahankar (Ego or pride), Mada (passion) and Matsarya (envy, jealousy); in body – diseases, pain, infirmities etc. other living being cause various miseries.

Pancha Klesha (पंच क्लेष) - Causes of Misery 

(Pantanjali’s Yoga Sutra 3 - अविद्यास्मितारागद्वेषाभिनिवेशाः क्लेशाः॥)
i.e. It identifies five miseries (क्लेश) – (1) Ignorance (अविद्या), (2) Attachment to self (अस्मिता), (3) Attachment for outer things (राग), (4) Aversion (द्वेष) and (5) Possessiveness of past experiences (अभिनिवेश)
 
अविधा (avidha, Ignorance) is mother klesha (misery) and the root cause of bondage and suffering or distress.

1. Due to ignorance, the self identifies itself with the physical body and its constituents - Manas, ahamkara and Mahat, which are products of Prakriti.
2. It is ignorance of the ultimate reality that manifests as the mistaking of the non-eternal to be eternal, the impure to be pure, the suffering to be pleasure and the non-self to be the self.
3. अविधा causes are
   1. राग (Raag) – Attachment or Passion for outer things (fulfilment of desire further increases desires result into Kama, Lobh, Moh)
   2. द्वेष (Dwesh) – Envy or Aversion or Malice or Heart Burning

(Dwesh is created when pleasure is hindered which creates Krodh & instigates harming others);

1. अस्मिता (Asmita) – Attachment to self, it brings Ego or Pride;
2. अभिनिवेश (Abhinivesh) -  Possessiveness of past experiences or fear of death or Survival instinct.
3. Raag, Dwesh, Asmita and Abhinivesh ultimately cause four types of griefs i.e. Parinam (परिणाम, result), Taap (ताप, Heat), Sanskar (संस्कार, Impressions) and Gunvritti (गुण वृत्ती, waves of contradictory behavioral attributes of Sattva, Rajas & Tamas).

5.   Panch Klesha accumulates Karms (deeds) which are the reasons for sufferings and future births.

1. Klesha have four different stages as follows:
   1. Prasupta – the dormant state;
   2. Tanu – the attenuated state;
   3. Vicchinna – the manifest state;
   4. Udaranam – the overpowering state.
2. These cause impressions (संस्कार, Sanskaras) which exist in different states. They are sometimes dormant and come out by degree.

 
Reference:

1. http://www.thekundaliniyoga.org/vedanta/pancha_kosha_five_layers_of_human_existence.asp
2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/241276617_UNDERSTANDING_THE_YOGA_DARSHAN
3. http://yoga.sidviv.com/

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