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​PUJA, Kriya & Bhakti 

Shodasha Upachara Puja

5/30/2025

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  1. Avahanam (Invocation) - ॐ आवाहयामि। - Om āvāhayāmi - I invoke your presence, O Divine. For example – Puja of Bhagawan Satyanarayan is to be performed. Please mention – ॐ श्री सत्यनारायण आवाहयामि। - Om shri Satyanarayan Avahayami. This should be done are other Upachara also.               
  2. Asanam (Offering Seat) - ॐ आसनं समर्पयामि। - Om āsanaṁ samarpyāmi - I offer this sacred seat.             
  3. Padyam (Washing Feet) - ॐ पाद्यं समर्पयामि। - Om pādyaṁ samarpyāmi - I offer water to wash your feet.             
  4. Arghyam (Offering Respectful Water) - ॐ अर्घ्यं समर्पयामि। - Om arghyaṁ samarpyāmi - I offer arghya (water with scents and flowers).              
  5. Achamanam (Sipping Water) - ॐ आचमनीयं समर्पयामि। - Om ācamaniyaṁ samarpyāmi       I offer water to sip.                 
  6. Snanam (Bathing the Deity) - ॐ स्नानं समर्पयामि। - Om snānaṁ samarpyāmi - I offer a symbolic bath.               
  7. Vastra (Clothing) - ॐ वस्त्रं समर्पयामि। - Om vastraṁ samarpyāmi      - I offer sacred clothing.          
  8. Yajnopavita (Sacred Thread) - ॐ यज्ञोपवीतं समर्पयामि। - Om yajñopavītaṁ samarpyāmi       - I offer a sacred thread.                   
  9. Gandham (Sandal Paste) - ॐ गन्धं समर्पयामि। - Om gandhaṁ samarpyāmi - I offer sandalwood paste.            
  10. Pushpam (Flowers) - ॐ पुष्पं समर्पयामि। - Om puṣpaṁ samarpyāmi      - I offer flowers.            
  11. Dhoopam (Incense) - ॐ धूपं समर्पयामि। - Om dhūpaṁ samarpyāmi - I offer incense.            
  12. Deepam (Lamp) - ॐ दीपं समर्पयामि। or दर्शयामि। - Om dīpaṁ samarpyāmi - I offer the lamp.                  
  13. Naivedyam (Food Offering) - ॐ नैवेद्यं समर्पयामि or निवेदयामि। । - Om naivedyaṁ samarpyāmi - I offer food (bhog/prasad).            
  14. Tambulam (Betel Leaves) - ॐ ताम्बूलं समर्पयामि। - Om tāmbūlaṁ samarpyāmi - I offer betel leaves.           
  15. Aarti (Waving Light) - ॐ नीराजनं समर्पयामि। - Om nīrājanaṁ samarpyāmi - I perform the aarti (waving of light).              
  16. Pradakshina & Namaskara (Circumambulation & Salutation) - ॐ प्रदक्षिणानमस्कारौ समर्पयामि। - Om pradakṣiṇānamaskārau samarpyāmi  I offer circumambulation and salutation.              
 
क्षमा प्रार्थना (Prayer for forgiveness)
मन्त्रहीनं क्रियाहीनं भक्तिहीनं जनार्दन। यत्पूजितं मया देव परिपूर्णं तदस्तु मे॥ अनया पूजया श्रीविष्णुः प्रसीदतु॥ or
ॐ यत्किञ्चिदपि यद्भक्त्या न्यूनं सम्पूर्णमेव तत्। - Om yatkiñcidapi yadbhaktyā nyūnaṁ sampūrṇameva tat - Whatever I may have done imperfectly, may it be accepted as complete through devotion.


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Worship in Hinduism

5/23/2025

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Everyone is bundle of thoughts. Harvard Study concluded that approx. 77,000 thoughts per day – 99% thoughts are negative. As we curtail the number of thoughts, distraction is reduced & contraction & focus is developed. Focus is essential for peace, success of task in hand and consequently in this life.

Further, everyone has boundless desires and faces different kinds of fear & phobias. To fulfil desires & to control fears, one needs the Supreme Being who is omnipotent & omniscient. So, people worship the Supreme Being or Almighty. Also, some worship Him out of love & affection. and as a tradition. It helps in daily life.

Some people are intellectual & analytical, some are hard-working, some are emotional and some are very disciplined and with strong will. Hinduism is the only religion (way of life) which has multiple systems of worship and to connect with Supreme Being or Almighty.
Hindu worship, or Puja (पूजा), is a devotional ritual offered to deities at home or in temples. It is both spiritual and symbolic, helping devotees connect with God through prayer, offerings, and meditation. Worship includes Cleanliness of both outer and inner being, Invocation & welcome of the divine, Offerings to express love and gratitude, Mantras to connect divine through sound vibration, Aarti   to celebrate the divine and Prasad to receive blessings
Regular worship calms the mind, teaches discipline and focus, purifies thoughts and actions. Worship is also done during important life events: birth, marriage, festivals, or even mourning.

Multiple Systems for Different Personalities -
  1. For Intellectual & Analytical Persons – Reading of religious books, Listening or Sravana of spiritual texts, Contemplation or Manana of spiritual teachings, Nididhyasana or practice help in clarity and concentration of mind.
  2. For Persons of high emotions –Bhajan and Kirtan.
  3. For Persons of strong will power and high discipline - Dharna, Dhayan and Samadhi. Japa of Mantras
  4. For Person who is activity oriented – 16 Upachara Ritual worship, Yajna & Havan
  5. Scientific studies have been conducted to investigate the healing effects of prayers.

How it helps in daily working
  1. Regular Japa helps in detaching mind from distraction of multiple thoughts, slow down thought process, developing concentration and focus.
  2. Meditation has been found to produce a clinically significant reduction in blood pressure & heart rate, to alter levels of melatonin and serotonin, to suppress neurotransmission, to boost the immune response, to decrease the levels of reactive oxygen, to reduce stress and promote positive mood states, to reduce anxiety and pain and enhance self-esteem and to have a favourable influence on overall and spiritual quality of life in late-stage disease.
  3. Different types of Fasting such as intermittent fasting, have been associated with a wide range of health benefits, including weight loss, as well as improved blood sugar control, heart health, brain function and cancer prevention.
 
Why Hindus Worship?
  1. To Connect with the Divine - God is everywhere and in everything, but worship gives us a focused way to feel God’s presence. Through idols, mantras, and rituals, we bring God into our hearts and homes.
  2. To Express Gratitude - Hindus worship to thank the deities for Life, Health, Nature (sun, rivers, animals) and Protection and guidance.
  3. To Seek Blessings, Peace of mind, Prosperity, Success in work or exams and Health and protection from harm.
  4. To Cleanse the Mind and Heart
  5. To Strengthen Devotion (Bhakti) - Worship is a form of love and surrender to God. It helps us remember that we are not alone — we are guided by a higher force.
  6. To Maintain Tradition and Culture - Worship keeps family values, rituals, and festivals alive. It helps pass spiritual wisdom to the next generation.
  7. To Reduce Ego - Worship reminds us that we are not the centre of the universe. Bowing, offering, and praying help develop humility and gratitude.
  8. To Balance Karma - Worship is considered a good karma (positive action). It helps reduce the effects of past negative karma through prayer, repentance, and service.

Why Idol Worship?
Hindu Belief that God is within, yet we worship outside (“Aham Brahmasmi” – I am Divine). But worshiping an idol or image helps concentrate the mind. Just like a photo of a loved one makes us feel connected, an idol helps in focusing devotion.
How Worship done - Basic Steps of a Hindu Puja
  • Purification - Take a bath or wash hands and feet. Clean the puja area and altar (mandir). Light incense (agarbatti) and lamps (diya).
  • Dhyanam (Meditation) - Sit quietly and meditate on the deity you are worshipping. Chant Om or a simple mantra.
  • Sankalpa (Resolution) - Take water in the right palm and state your intention (why you are doing the puja – e.g., peace, gratitude, birthday, etc.).  Drop the water to show you are committed.
  • Avahanam (Invocation) - Invite the deity into the idol or photo with - “Om Avahayami” (I invoke You, O Lord/Goddess)
  • Puja Offerings (Upacharas) - There are usually 16 steps (Shodashopachara) but you can keep it simple:
  • Padya - Offer water for washing feet for gaining Hospitality of divine.
  • Arghya – Offer water is offered for washing hands for showing to the divine Respect
  • Achamaniya – Offer water for sipping for Purity.
  • Snana - Offer water as symbolic bath for Cleansing.
  • Vastra - Offer cloth or imagine new dress for Dignity.
  • Pushpa – Offer flowers as a Devotion.
  • Dhoop - Offer incense to purify air and mind.
  • Deepa – Show Lamp to removes darkness (ignorance).
  • Naivedya – Offer food, sweets, fruits as a Gratitude.
  • Tambulam – Offer betel leaves & nuts (optional)      Completion of meal
  • Aarti  Lamp waved in circles with ringing bell Joy and reverence
  • Namaskara   Bow or prostrate   Surrender and devotion
  • Mantra Japa or Bhajan
  • Pradakshina & Namaskar - Walk around the deity (usually 3 or 7 times) clockwise. Fold hands and offer full-body bow (sashtang pranam) or seated namaskar.
  • Prasadam Distribution - The offered food (Naivedya) becomes Prasad – a blessed item. Share it among family and devotees respectfully.
  • Shanti Mantra and Conclusion - Seek peace for all beings and close the ritual with gratitude.

Additional Puja Rituals -
  1. Abhishekam – ritual bathing of the deity with milk, water, honey, etc.
  2. Havan (Homa) – fire ritual for purification and blessings.
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Initiation by the Preceptor (Guru) – Shiva Purana

5/2/2025

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The chapters 15, 17, 18 & 19 in Section 7.2 of Vayaviya-saṃhita of Shiva Purana informed about the procedure of initiation.
The initiation is threefold --
​pertaining to Shiva, Shakti and mantra. The initiation of Shiva is that whereby at the mere sight, touch and talk of the preceptor (guru) the individual soul gains immediately the consciousness quelling the bondage. It is twofold in view of the difference in the destruction of bondage, viz. acute and more acute. The Shakti form of initiation coupled with knowledge is performed by the preceptor with knowledge for his vision, after entering the body of the disciple along the path of Yoga. The Mantra form of initiation is coupled with the rites performed in the sacrificial altar. This has to be performed by the preceptor (guru) externally with respect to the dull-witted disciple.
For securing shakti, the preceptor shall purify and consecrate the disciple either by knowledge or by means of rites. Since shakti is enlightenment and bliss, the two are the signs of its manifestation.
Preceptor -
The preceptor is in the form of gods and the mantras. Hence every endeavour shall be made to accept his behest with bent head. The seeker of welfare shall never even think of transgressing the commands of the preceptor, because only he who carries out the behests of the preceptor attains the wealth of knowledge. If the preceptor is nominal, the liberation too is nominal. If neither enlightenment nor bliss is obtained by the disciple even after a year, even slightly, the disciple shall resort to another preceptor. Even though he may resort to another preceptor he shall never dishononr his previous preceptor, his brothers, or sons or illuminers or urgers.
If the preceptor is pleased the sins of the disciple are immediately quelled. After offering his belongings, he shall dedicate to him, himself, his family and all his possessions along with water and remain subservient to him for ever. Since he has offered himself to shiva as his devotee he shall ever remain so. He will have no rebirth thereafter.
Six Paths of Purification -
The six paths (adhvas) are Kala, Tattva, Bhuvana, Varṇa, Pada and Mantra.
  1. Kala stands for the time & spiritual force. Five kalas are recognized – Nivrtti, Pratistha, Vidya, Shanti and Santyatitta.
  1. Tattva refers to the twenty-five principles. The twenty-five principles (tattva) manifest as the universe.
  2. Bhuvana refers to the universe.
  3. Verna refers to four castes and also syllables of mantras.
  4. Pada means feet.
  5. Mantra - There are six basic types of mantras used in Deity worship:
    1. Dhyana Mantras—meditation mantras used to mentally invoke the Lord's transcendental form, abode, and pastimes.
    2. Bija Mantras—seed mantras for meditation and purification of articles used inpuja.
    3. Mula Mantras—root mantras, being the essence of the Deity, are recited along with each article of worship as a means of addressing the Lord.
    4. Stutis & Stotras—prayers chanted before, during, or after worship to glorify the name, form, qualities, and pastimes of the Lord.
    5. Pranama Mantas—prayers for offering obeisances to the Lord at the end of worship.
    6. Gayatri Mantras—Vedic or Pancaratrika mantras used to worship the Lord, invoking the three principles of sambandha, abhidheya, prayojana.
The preceptor, most expert in the procedural code, shall invoke the five Brahmans (Panchabrahmans viz. Ishana, Purusha, Aghora, Vamadeva and Sadyojata) on them, the letters beginning with Namaḥ and ending with Ya. Ishana is invoked in the middle jar, Purusha in the eastern, Aghora in the southern, Vama in the northern and Sadyojata in the western jar. After performing the rites of protection, mystic gestures and invocation of the jar he shall sacrifice in the Shiva fire as before. The milk pudding reserved for sacrifice shall be offered. After the Purnahuti the rite of illumination with the ancillaries shall be performed.
In this rite three Ahutis shall be given. With the specific mantras the refulgent deities shall be meditated upon. He shall then take the thrice-spun white threads made by brahmin girls, strung into three and with these bind the tip of the tuft of the disciple. The thread shall be let loose till the tip of the toe of the disciple standing straight. The Sushumna (the nerve of the backbone) shall be joined with it. The consciousness shall be invoked with the basic mantra and he shall offer three Ahutis to create its presence. After striking the disciple on the head and the thread worne on the body he shall bedeck the sutra in the Shantyatita Pada, repeating the mantra. In this manner after offering the Ahutis of Shantyatita upto the end of Nivṛtti he shall perform three Ahutis and worship Shiva in the Mandala.
The preceptor shall make the disciple sit to the south of the lord facing the north, on the Mandala strewn with Darbha grass. He shall give him the rice soaked in ghee left after the Homa. The disciple shall take the Caru offered by the preceptor, and eat it repeating the name Shiva. After performing the Achamana twice he shall repeat the mantra of Shiva. The preceptor shall give him the Panchagavya on the other Mandala. The disciple shall drink it upto his capacity, perform the Achamana twice and remember Shiva.
He shall make the disciple sit on a third Maṇḍala as before. He shall perform Achamana and remember Shiva. Then at the behest of the preceptor he shall enter Shiva Mandapa with palms joined in reverence.
During the night the disciple shall lie on a Darbha mattress covered with an unwashed bed-sheet and consecrated with mantra. While lying he shall meditate on Shiva and keep his head to the east.
As before the lord shall be worshipped in the Maṇḍala and the vessels and the homa performed. The disciple shall be brought to the Maṇḍala without his headdress.
After performing hundred Ahutis and the rites upto the Purnahuti, and the rite of Tarpaṇa with the water from the jars repeating the Mulamantra, the preceptor shall make offering and perform every rite. By the grace of the supreme lord this great Mantra shall certainly confer on you the Siddhis both of this world and the next one. Then, the preceptor shall worship lord Shiva and secure his formal permission. He shall then impart to the aspirant the Yoga of Shiva, the means of liberation.
On an auspicious day, in a holy spot, the devotee shall take bath and perform the rites of the forenoon scrupulously. He shall wear a white head-dress and a white upper cloth. He shall have the Tripuṇḍra marks and shall wear Rudraksha beads. He shall worship the lord Nakul-Ishvara. He shall offer milk pudding as Naivedya and conclude the rite of propitiation. Thereafter his diet shall be limited in quantity and confined to milk pudding and such other as is devoid of salt and acidity. He shall not be violent. He shall be forbearing, quiet and self-possessed for ever. He shall perform the rites of Tarpaṇa and homa in the Shaivite fire with seven, five or three materials of worship or with ghee alone. He shall perform the Japa of the five-syllabled mantra a thousand times every day, with full concentration of the mind. He shall not take food before the thousand Japas are completed. He attains learning, prosperity, happiness, and salvation.
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