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Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 31

1/31/2025

We shall discuss the hymns, Sukta wise & Mandala wise. Our focus is on the implicit meaning of the various hymns instead of literal translations of the hymns. These purported meanings are based primarily on the English translations by Swami Dharmanand Saraswati of the works done by Swami Dayanand Saraswati.

Highlights -
Sukta 31 prescribes the duties of the king or heads. They should always preserve and guard all lawful people. As a father protects, maintains, educates and gives necessary wealth to his children, in the same manner, a king should protect all his subjects and by proper and just distribution of wealth, according to their actions should reward and punish the people under him.
God establishes those persons in Dharma (righteousness) who want to give up un-righteousness and observe the rules of righteousness and protects those who want to wage righteous war and acquire wealth with righteous means. The previous & present birth, the knowledge and the association of Acharya (preceptor) constitute one’s birth. When men sincerely desire to get the true path, then God creates in them love and desire to know the Truth from the association with noble persons.
Those people of benevolent nature who being industrious are engaged in making others happy and performing Yajnas, are like the sun which gives happiness to all by its light.

The hymn wise, purported explanations –

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 31

Those who do not do anything except obeying the Commands of God, discharging their duties and associating with the learned persons acquire friendship with God. As a result of that friendship, there is light of wisdom in their souls. Then being enlightened and engaging themselves in doing noble deeds, they become illustrious by leading all beings to happiness.
God adorns (or ordains) the laws of all worlds through the Vedas and a wise man does the same through the teachings of the Vedas to men and by keeping them in just laws. God who has created this world consisting of shining things like the sun and not shining like the earth is all-pervading. It is only those who can reveal the science of God and His creation can become enlightened. None can create this world except the omnipresent God and none can reveal this science to others except a highly learned and wise person.
It is the Agni (fire) in the subtlest causal form that takes the form of the sun and dispels darkness and thus upholds the earth and the shining worlds. Being the cause of the Yajna and industries, when used methodically in the machines, it moves the heavy vehicles rapidly.
The attainment of God Who has created the sun and other objects of the world and of the wise men who impart true knowledge is possible only through meritorious acts. Good wealth in the form of Vast good Government can also be got only through noble deeds.
Men should know well God who is the First cause of the Universe and the properties of the articles that are put in the fire. After knowing them, if they put in the fire substances that purify the air, rain and water, they enjoy much happiness in this world along with others.
This is the nature of God that He establishes those persons in Dharma (righteousness) who want to give up un-righteousness and observe the rules of righteousness and protecting those who want to wage righteous war (to remedy injustice and tyranny etc.) and acquire wealth with righteous means. He gives them wealth also according to their actions. He punishes those persons who are unrighteous by giving them the fruit of their actions. He gives victory to those righteous persons even with limited resources, who obey His commands and commence a righteous war and not to others.
For the enlightened righteous persons who attain emancipation, God is the only Support. The birth that is past, the further, the present and got from the association of the knowledge and the Acharya (preceptor) that is the fourth. All these four constitute one birth. By second birth in this context is meant the birth in human form that is got after enjoying the bliss of emancipation for a very long period. All souls endeavour for the birth of these two kinds. This order is maintained by God alone.
Men should pray in the following manner: - O God, create among us such noble learned persons who are the knowers of all arts and sciences that lead to good wealth, so that we may be able to establish an admirable administration on earth by undertaking new enterprises and taking benefit from all substances.
God should be prayed thus- Whenever you grant us birth, grant us the association of enlightened persons and make us full of knowledge of all sciences, so that having acquired all knowledge, we may enjoy happiness.

As, the father is worthy of respect and worship for the descendants, similarly the chairman, the king for the subjects.
It is not possible to know God and the nature of the vehicles manufactured with the help of the arts and sciences without personal contact in the form of questions and answers with the learned persons of forgiving sweet nature, therefore men should always acquire such knowledge with the assistance of the wise.
The king who is the President of the Assembly should always preserve and guard all lawful people with the attributes of protection etc. of God and following Him with all noble virtues.
As students acquire knowledge from their teachers sincerely, in the same manner, O king, you should also discharge the duties of an administrator in accordance with the instructions of the persons who are true in thought, word and deed.
As a father protects, maintains, educates and gives necessary wealth to his children, in the same manner, a king should protect all his subjects and by proper and just distribution of wealth, according to their actions should reward and punish the people under him.
Those people of benevolent nature who being industrious are engaged in making others happy and performing Yajnas, are like the sun which gives happiness to all by its light. As the armour protects the fighting heroes from the onslaughts of the weapons, so the king and officers of the state should shield all righteous persons from all miseries.
When men sincerely desire to get the true path, then God creates in them love and desire to know the Truth from the association with noble persons. Then they being full of faith, having approached truly learned and truthful Yogis, acquire true knowledge and become righteous.
The President of the Assembly, when served by men with the acquisition of knowledge, the observance of the Dharma (rules of righteousness) and with love, urges upon them to discharge their duties properly.
Those persons who act righteously according to the Vedic teachings, become wise, intelligent and righteous. The righteous, good learned person whom they serve, makes them full of good knowledge and power.

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Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta 30

1/24/2025

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As men dig a well first and by using its water for bathing, drinking and watering their fields and gardens, enjoy happiness, in the same manner, learned scientists derive happiness by using the fire in machines and putting water there in proper proportion and position and accomplishing many works with their conjunction and movement.
Agni in the form of the sun, electricity and material fire purifies substances in hundreds of ways and cooks thousands of articles speedily. As water goes to lower level, this fire goes upwards or downwards. Taking this contrast in mind and by placing fire below and water above it, by their conjunction through steam, speed and other qualities are produced.
As in the ocean, there is deep infinite water and there are many jewels and attributes, in the same way, in the fire, there are many attributes and there are many processes. Therefore, by the conjunction of the fire and water, men can take various benefits with labour.
As a pigeon approaches or follows his mate speedily, in the same manner, Agni (fire) when used scientifically, suitably benefits people. Men can learn this science of fire by listening to the teachings given by great scientists.
The Lord of all, the master of all the virtues stated in the Vedas, having special knowledge, having truth, opulence and doing justice appropriately, the councillor or commander is a learned scholar, He should be considered by us as a judge.
The true and false duties and non-duties of the commander and the chairman should also be properly decided by the order of the innermost God situated in the soul by a man positioned in meditation with true conduct. Without this one can never have the true understanding of the victory. Those who fight against the enemies by considering the omnipresent God as judge and as the righteous and the brave as the commander, they win definitely, not others.
Men should be friendly to one another and should preserve the articles already got and should get victory. They should take shelter in Almighty God and mighty commander in chief of the army. But merely by taking shelter in God or the Chief Commander of the army, the purpose cannot be served. But by knowledge and industriousness all this can be accomplished.
Where human beings serve the head of the assembly or army with true spirit, that chairman, along with his army's parts and gems, etc., is situated near him for protection. Without its help, truth, happiness and victory are not possible for anyone.
O man, I also invoke in right earnest God who creates many things and works from the eternal cause-Primordial matter whom your father or preceptor also invoked.
Men should desire to get the knowledge of and communion with this God Who is the Creator of the world, Adorable and Friend of all, the Support of the Universe, for no one can attain true knowledge without the teachings or sermons given by enlightened persons.
All men and women having mutual friendship should have communion with God and with industriousness should get the knowledge of Aryan (noble) system of administration, religious assembly and accomplishment of all dealings and works.
As the president of the Assembly or the Commander-in chief of an army who possesses the knowledge of all sciences and is the well-wisher of all, protects all his subjects, in the same manner, the people and soldiers of the army should always guard him.
According to the injunctions of the Vedas, young men and women should marry with mutual consent and of their own accord. After marriage, they should respect each other and should discharge their duties jointly. All of them should be engaged in meditation on God and acting according to His commandments, and according to the orders of good men and assemblies. It is not proper to behave in violation of these instructions on the part of any man or woman.
As the axle of the spokes even while moving stays in its own limit but takes the chariot far away, in the same way, you, O President of the Assembly, firm in your noble virtues, rules and regulations, control all.
As a King who is president of the council of ministers serves learned men and fulfils the desires of the students, in the same manner, the worship of God fulfils all the desires of righteous persons. Therefore, all men should adore God.
As God creates all animate and inanimate things and beings (moving and stationary) and gives happiness to all through them, in the same way, the heads of Assembly, army or judges should constantly gladden all subjects. All should believe that there is none else the Creator of the world, the Giver of the fruit of our actions and our Sovereign than one God and they should act accordingly.
A car or conveyance manufactured and driven by Ashvinau great artists and scientists can travel on the earth, the water and the sky. Therefore, such a conveyance should be accomplished soon.
Men can easily go to the end of the ocean with the steamers made with the proper combination of the fire, steam, water and machines. without such devices, it is not possible to reach the destination in fixed time.
Whatever conveyance is desired to be manufactured by artists for speedy transport, a group of machines and wheels below and mechanical wheel to move all machines should be placed above. When with its help water, fire, etc. are used, artists through its use can travel easily the route of earth, sea and the sky. This is quite certain.
Men should not waste a single moment from the time of their rising up in the morning till they go to bed. It is only such persons who know the value of time that can always enjoy happiness and not lazy men.
who know how to utilize the past, present and future times, can industriously accomplish all their works far and near. Therefore, a man should never waste a single moment.
The person who does not waste time in vain in routine, all his time is the one which accomplishes all the works.

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Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 26 to 29

1/17/2025

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We shall discuss the hymns, Sukta wise & Mandala wise. Our focus is on the implicit meaning of the various hymns instead of literal translations of the hymns. These purported meanings are based primarily on the English translations by Swami Dharmanand Saraswati of the works done by Swami Dayanand Saraswati.

Highlights -
Righteous and learned, cause happiness by doing agreeable noble deeds. Learned persons are worshipped and they tell the means of attaining long life. The learned man acquires the knowledge or all sciences. In this world, there are three kinds of enjoyments, worlds and men which may be classified as the high, medium and low. A wise man should impart knowledge to all according to the level of their understanding and intellect.

Men should accomplish the works for happiness of self and others with the assistance of learned persons. He should learn attributes & properties of all the objects to accomplish the works. For attaining happiness, men should give up attachment and jealousy.

The officers of the state, should have two kinds of army, one mounted on cars and carriages and the other on foot. The armies should be trained well and made healthy and strong by proper use of the herbs and drugs (when necessary).

Men should keep away or remove the laziness of the body and the soul and should always endeavour to do noble deeds. The persons in power or who occupies the seat of justice should give due punish to the persons of stupid, adulterous and those who submit false and unjust evidence.

The hymn wise, purported explanations –

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 26

The Yajaman (performer of the Yajna) should select many learned persons and under their guidance, he should perform many works and thus attain happiness and give it to others. No one can accomplish any secular or spiritual work without the assistance of good and wise persons.
Men should accomplish all their good desires with the assistance of noble persons. Without association with such noble wise persons, none can enjoy happiness.
As a kind and loving father who causes happiness to his sons, as a friend causing happiness to his friends and a learned teacher to his students, all men should love one another and always put forth their united efforts for bringing about the welfare of all. This is the teaching given by God.
All men should behave in meetings as cultured and civilized men, experts in conducting assemblies do.
Men should have friendship with all other men and should become enlightened by receiving proper education and wisdom.
Men should have association with learned persons and know that whatever visible or invisible things exist in this world, are the products of the vast eternal cause-Mattoir.
As we deal with all in a friendly manner and others deal with us in the same way, so you should also do.
Men should try to know the properties or attributes of all the objects created by God in this world and accomplish their works.
Men cannot enjoy happiness unless they give up all attachment and jealousy and engage themselves in the performance of admirable acts with knowledge, education and industriousness. Then all men should obey the commands of God and bring about the welfare of all.
Men should tell their children that there is an eternal subtle causal force (Agni) from which electricity and other effects are produced and from them digestive fire and various other forms of fire are generated. All these forms of fire are upheld or sustained by the causal force. All the acts of fire are done with the help of the wind. Without fire and air, no substance in the world can be sustained.

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 27

Just as a learned man is manifested in his kingdom by the virtues of his knowledge etc., in the same way the God is manifested everywhere by the virtues of omniscience et cetera.
As sons when well-trained, are righteous and learned, cause happiness to their parents by doing agreeable noble deeds, so this beneficial fire when utilized properly and methodically according to the scientific knowledge, accomplishes many pleasing tasks for us.
When God is worshipped, He protects us from our foes in battles and gives us long life. In the same way, a learned person when respectfully treated or worshipped, protects our aero planes etc. and tells us the means of attaining long life.
As you gave great delight to the great righteous and enlightened seers like Brahma and others by revealing in their souls Perfect Truth, reveal the same in our souls, so that being enlightened, we may always be engaged in doing the best righteous deeds.
Served by righteous and industrious persons, a learned man having acquired the knowledge or all sciences, should make them happy. In this world, there are three kinds of enjoyments, worlds and men which may be classified as the high, medium and low. A wise man should impart knowledge to all these persons according to the level of their understanding and intellect.

As the separate particles of the water of the sea become one or united when they reach the sky and as a learned wise person classifies all objects and reveals their knowledge in the souls of all men, why should we not do likewise?”
As God is the Protector, Creator and Supreme Director of His subjects from times immemorial, in the same manner, the man who worships Him-the Lord who is Omnipresent Protector from all sides and protects people, can never suffer and be defeated.
As not even a highly learned person can ever measure the power of the Infinite, Immeasurable and Inviolable God Whose Wisdom is Infallible, so only that man should be appointed as a ruler, who follows the Lord and obeys His commands.
He alone should be appointed as the commander of an army who takes people away from miseries, leads them to victory and is expert in the military science, being at the same time a righteous person.
No one can get knowledge of the science of archery, unless one hears the praise of such an expert archer. 'He alone can be the protector of the people who trains well those persons for the welfare of the subject who are of aggressive nature, destroying the strength of their foes.
God who is the Best, Infinite Support of all, Bestower of Bliss to His devotees, Lord of the wealth of wisdom is the Creator of the useful fire possessing many properties. May He prompt us to acquire pure wisdom and perform noble deeds.
As a rich learned person pleases all men with the enjoyment of wealth, listens to the requests and complaints of all, in the same manner, when God is pleased with true love, He listens to the glorification and gives happiness to all.
God commands that men should be free from all pride and respect all with food and other articles. One should have association with the learned and always respect them to the best of one's ability and power. They should never be censured.

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 28

God preaches- “O men! All you need is a heavy stone to extract the essence and extract the essence of herbal medicines, etc., make such a pit and place it on the ground in such a way that it is slightly higher than the ground. So that the extraction of the essence and sapless husk of the grain is made in a good way, by placing the barley etc. in it, crush it with a pestle, which makes a sound.”
As men go about with the help of the things, in the same way, people should place one rock over the stone and the other over it for grinding. With their help, they should grind herbs and should eat them as prescribed. This should be the second means like the mortar and the pestle.
This art of the use of mortar which is essential for cooking and other domestic works must be learnt by house wives and be taught to others. Where cooking is done, mortar, pestle etc. should be placed there because without them powdering and grinding etc. is not possible.
O learned persons, as the sun binds the earth with gravitation or as a charioteer restrains horses with the reins, in the same manner, you should by the science of using the churning staff methodically take out the substance in the form of butter and juice from Milk and herbs.
In all houses, mortar should be properly used. As the heroic conquerors of their enemies sound the drum or trumpet and then fight bravely, in the same manner, the man who desires to extract the juice of herbs like the barley and others, should put them in the mortar, beat them with pestle, take away the husk and partake of the substance and essence.
When all plants and herbs are nourished by the wind, then men partake of their substance by putting them in the mortar and sip their juice also. Without it, the growth and nourishment of a substance is not possible.
As two horses which oat well draw a chariot, in the same manner. the mortar and pestle accomplish many works like dividing and grinding etc.
As mortar and pestle are made of the stone, they can also be made of wood, iron, brass, silver and gold etc. With them nicely made, the juice of the herbs may be extracted.
The officers of the state, should have two kinds of army, one mounted on cars and carriages and the other on foot. For them, they should keep ready good extract of nourishing herbs and arms and ammunitions. The armies should be trained well and made healthy and strong by proper use of the herbs and drugs (when necessary. By adopting such means good and vast Government on earth should be established.

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 29

As men become unworthy or ignoble by becoming lazy, in the same way, even we become indolent sometimes make us again noble, industrious and virtuous, So that having acquired many elephants, horses and cows and feeding them well, we may become good by deriving benefit from them.
Men should pray to God in the following manner O, God, as you are the Kind Sovereign of the world and Dispenser of justice, in the same manner, make us good rulers of the land, truthful and wise accomplishers the Vedic knowledge, arts, crafts and industries.
Men should keep away or remove the laziness of the body and the soul and should always endeavour to do noble deeds.
We should always engage brave persons in our armies and they should always be kept satisfied and pleased, so that unrighteous enemies may sleep out of dread. Let them never be alert or awake, so that we may enjoy good and vast Government without any obstruction.
The president of the council of ministers who occupies the seat of justice should give due punishment to the person who is of as ass-like nature i.e. stupid and adulterous, speaking in a discordant manner and submitting false and unjust evidence. He should respect truthful and righteous persons. He should punish those who take away others' articles and arrange to give them to their real owners. We should also honour the person who observes the eternal law of these dispensers of justice.
Men should know that the wind that blows on all sides is mightier than the fire, having crooked course, the cause of the movement, growth and destruction of beasts and trees and the source of all activities and getting prosperity (which depends on health caused by pure air).
Men should pray to God in the following manner. O God, by casting aside all those foes of un-righteous conduct, bestow upon us all kinds of wealth and prosperity.

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Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 24 to 25

1/10/2025

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We shall discuss the hymns, Sukta wise & Mandala wise. Our focus is on the implicit meaning of the various hymns instead of literal translations of the hymns. These purported meanings are based primarily on the English translations by Swami Dharmanand Saraswati of the works done by Swami Dayanand Saraswati.

Highlights -
The hymns in these Suktas praise the glory of eternal, immortal, perfect, omnipresent, omnipotent and omniscient Supreme Being. The Supreme Being gives fruits of actions done by the souls and send back souls to earth, thus mentions about re-birth system. God give misery to an unrighteous person censuring other unjustly and happiness and knowledge to him who conducts himself according to the injunctions of Dharma. No one's sins can be destroyed without reaping the consequences.

Sun, Varuna, Prajapati, Savita and Indra are the attributes of God. Omniscient God is the Innermost Spirit of all and reveals the pure light, dispels the ignorance of the righteous persons.

Everyone should adore God and obey the commands of God as given in Vedas. Men should know thoroughly the properties of all the substances created by God and knowing their properties, one should continuously increase his life by taking help from Him.
Haughty persons who are of violent and malicious nature, cannot know the attributes of God and wise men on account of their ignorance. They cannot derive benefit from them. Therefore, men should try to imbibe and follow the merits, actions and nature of God and wise men. It is not possible to know God with the help of the arts and sciences without personal contact in the form of questions and answers with the learned persons of forgiving sweet nature, therefore men should always acquire such knowledge with the assistance of the wise.

The hymn wise, purported explanations –

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 24

Who is that God pervading immortal and eternal emancipated souls and Himself One Eternal Imperishable Supreme Being, the Resplendent Giver of Bliss whose auspicious name we may invoke and always remember? Who will send us-the liberated souls, back to the great earth that we may again behold our parents.
O men, we certainly believe in one eternal, Immortal God who is the dispense of the fruit of the good or bad actions done by us and according to Whose laws we get re-birth. You must also know that One God to be the Giver of Re-birth for, none else can do this work (of the dispensation of justice). It is He who gives birth to emancipated persons also through parents at the end of Mahakalpa-a very long period covering several millions of years.
Men should always adore God only who is the Illuminator of all, Creator of the whole world and Giver of all Bliss. One cannot get the real fruit of contemplation by worshipping anyone else. Therefore, a man should not worship anyone else in the place of God.
As I— God give misery to an unrighteous person censuring other unjustly and happiness and knowledge to him who conducts himself according to the injunctions of Dharma, so you should also behave.
Those who obey the commands of God, get His protections and possessing good wealth, become praiseworthy everywhere. Because, it is God alone Who gives fruit of actions done by the souls.
Because God is Omnipotent, none can measure or violate Him. These worlds move on, but God does not move for, He is Perfect. No one can attain to inviolable entire dominion by worshipping anyone else except God. Therefore, all should adore only God who is Infinite, Immeasurable and Imperishable. This should be known to all.
It is the rays of the sun that are above and below that are the cause of the creation of the cloud. The particles of water in the rays are not visible on account of their subtleness. In the same manner, the subtle particles of the air, fire and earth etc. are not visible, even though they are in the firmament.
The God, who has certainly made a big orbit for the journey of the great Sun, who illuminates it with the fuel of the air. All of which have their own peripheries in the public space. No world is associated with any other world, but all, being situated in space, move around on their respective peripheries. All these who are not able to leave their periphery and move here and there due to the attraction and holding power of God and air. Nor does it have any other possessor. Just as the Supreme Lord breaks the heart of an unrighteous speaker, so also the soul breaks the diseased heart. Why shouldn't that God be worthy of worship and to be associated closely, it should be known.
Men should associate themselves only with those rulers and subjects who are removers of all sins and diseases, who are upholders of the earth, are givers of good advice, are preventers of the unrighteous by giving support and strength to the righteous. No one's sins can be destroyed without reaping the consequences. But prayers, sermons and exertions are meant for the removal of those sins committed in the past, being committed at present and likely to be committed in the future.
In the first half of this Mantra, a question has been raised which has been answered by the latter half. When someone asks a learned person by whom have these constellations been made, who upholds them and where do they go in day time when they are visible at night? then he should answer the question in the following manner: - All these worlds are created and upheld by God who is called by the term of Varuna-the most acceptable and the Best. They have no light of their own, but they shine by the light of the sun. They do not go anywhere, but are not visible in day time being covered by the light of the sun. They are visible at night, illuminated by the rays of the sun. All these wonderful acts are of God.
Human beings should not disrespect the God and knowledge regarding the Sun in the Vedic manner. Always obey the commands of God. Knowing the properties of the substances created by Him, one should continuously increase his life by taking help from Him.
All men should thus believe and preach to others. We should keep ourselves away from all sins by accepting what God, the Vedas and the learned persons tell us and which I also determine with pure intellect. You should accept the same.
Men should know thoroughly the properties of all the objects made by God and should associate with them action, and knowledge. We must be just as God is. Those sinful acts which cause bondage must be cast aside and meritorious acts should always be performed by everyone.
Men should act in such a way that the sinful acts done by them may become loose by the enjoyment of their fruits and by the acquisition of knowledge. Men should also know that the fruits of actions trouble more an ignorant person than a man of wisdom.
It is only those persons who obey the commands of God (as given in the Vedas) and being pure keep themselves awa from all bonds of misery, attain abiding happiness and non-else. This hymn has connection with the previous hymn and here Prajapati, Savita and Varuna have been mentioned as the names and attributes of God. Here ends the 15th virga of the 2nd Chapter. Here ends the 24th Hymn of the 6th Anuvaka in the first Mandala.

Mandala 1 – Sukta – 25

O God! Just as fathers etc., scholars and kings do compassion, justice and education on small, low-witted frantic children, in the same way you too should be our justice, compassion and education every day.
God commands. O men, do not indulge in putting an end to the life of a person for committing a fault through ignorance and do not be angry with a man who after committing a mistake, is, ashamed of it.
O God! As a charioteer ties his weary horse, so we bind Your knowledge and your love in our hearts with refined words of praises for the attainment of good happiness.
As birds when beaten (with stones), go away to distant places, in the same manner, let the persons indulging in anger, keep away from me and I keep away from them, so that let there be no change (for the worse) in our nature or habits and also loss of wealth.
Men should properly obey the commands of God and administer the vast Government which brings about the welfare of all, with justice.
As two happy players on the musical instruments produce pleasant sound by playing upon their instruments, in the same way, the air and the sun when utilized properly in machines produce nice sound by moving on all sides the oblation given by a learned person or the vehicles like the aero planes etc. manufactured by an expert scientist.
The person who is thoroughly well-versed in sciences, arts and industries is able to understand fully and give practical shape to the science of the vehicles that can be useful equally in firmament, earth and ocean as taught a by God through the Vedas.

As God being Omniscient knows this cycle of time which is the abode or basis of all, in the same manner, knowing the significance of the worlds and Time, no one should waste even the particle of a moment.
The person who knows that the wind is greater in measurement and properties than fire and other objects and is the support of all, knows its origin, the path of its going and coming and all the gross and subtle substances that are on the earth or in the air and after knowing them thoroughly, benefits from them and induces others to do the same, makes his life successful and becomes a distinguished scientist. This fact should be known to all.
As God is the Greatest Ruler of all, shining on account of His incomparable virtues, in the same way, a learned and righteous person who obeys the commands of God, being endowed with the strength of body and intellect is alone fit to rule over a vast empire and none else.
As God being Omnipresent and Omnipotent performs wonderful acts like the creation, sustenance and dissolution of the world knowing all the acts of men gives them the fruit of actions, in the same manner, he who having known the actions performed by his ancestors is always engaged in doing noble deeds to benefit all, being witness to and having done action, which bring about the welfare of all, can be just to all.
(1) May God who is Imperishable, Eternal and Omniscient keep us on the right path all our days and prolong our lives. (2) As God keeps us all our days on right path and prolongs our lives, in the same way, may a wise and just man who is brilliant like the sun keep us all our days in right path and prolong our lives by giving us proper instructions.
Omniscient God being the Innermost Spirit of all, revealing the pure light, dispels the sleep or ignorance of the righteous persons. In the same way; the sun dispels the darkness of the night. As God upholds all by His Omnipresence, the sun also sustains all by its attractive power.
Those haughty persons who are of violent and malicious nature, cannot know the attributes of God and wise men on account of their ignorance. They cannot derive benefit from them. Therefore, men should try to imbibe and follow the merits, actions and nature of God and wise men.
Why should not men always adore that God who has given complete glory and food to mankind and whose glory is manifest in all living and non-living or inanimate objects.
Men should know that as the kine running to the best of their power, become tired when they reach their destination, in the same way, when men search after the attributes according to their power and intellect of God, and of the sun etc. and having known to some extent according to their capacity, get tired because the intellect and the power of the body of every man in limited and cannot be unlimited. As birds flying in the sky do not get its end, similarly none can get the end of knowledge.
As a priest and the performer of a Yajna (Non-violent sacrifice) accomplish Yajna lovingly and jointly, in the same manner, the teacher and the taught should manifest all sciences jointly and lovingly. All men should endeavour to attain happiness, bearing in mind the idea of increasing their knowledge and wisdom.
Because it is not possible to know God with the help of the arts and sciences without personal contact in the form of questions and answers with the learned persons of forgiving sweet nature, therefore men should always acquire such knowledge with the assistance of the wise.
As Omniscient God gives true Happiness to His devotees after being glorified by them with true love, learned wise men should also do like that.
As God who shiniest over heaven and earth and all the world at all times, listens to our prayers, so O wise man, you should also do and respond to our call.
As righteous persons engaging themselves in doing good to others and being enlightened pray to God and He releasing them from all misery and bondage makes them happy, why should we not do also like that?

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Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 31

Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta 30

Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 26 to 29

Rigveda – Mandala 1, Sukta – 24 to 25

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