Anatomy of Body & Atman - Garuda Purana

Garuda Purana, a Vaishnava Purana deals in detail about the anatomy and chemistry of body and soul in its chapter 15.

Grauda Purana provides great insight on the anatomy of body and Atman as follows:

1. Everybody has three types of bodies. The physical body which can be seen from eyes is called gross body.  The other two bodies are subtle body and causal body. The subtle body consisting of the inner psychic organs ((As per Samkhya Darshan of Kapil muni - 10 subtle elements of organs of senses & actions, 5 Tanmatras, mind and buddhi -17 elements); and the causal body comprising of tanmatras (subtle elements of forms or visibility, taste, smell or odour, touch and sound); and the Self or Atman. The divine spark i.e. Atman is encased by causal and subtle bodies. 
2. According to the thoughts in the mind at the time of union of husband-wife will be the nature of the one who enters the womb. (15/143/14-18)
3. Earth, water, fire, air and ether--these are called the stable elements. This body is made up of the five elements (earth, liquid, gas, fire, and ether).
4. Skin, bones, nerves, hair and flesh --these are the five attributes of earth.
5. Saliva, urine, sperm, marrow, and blood—these are said to be the five attributes of water.
6. Hunger, thirst, sloth, sleep and sexual desire are called the five attributes of fire.
7. Bending, running, jumping, stretching and moving--these are the five attributes of air.
8. Speech thought, vacuity, delusion and mental instability--the five attributes of ether.
9. Mind, reason, individualization, analysis--these four are called the Internal means, and have the essence of past karma.
10. 1. The classification of organs:
       1. Ears, skin, eyes, tongue and nose are the sense organs.
       2. The organs of speech, hands, feet, the organs of generation and of excretion are the organs of action.
       3. The deities of organs of senses and action are Dik, Vata, Arka, Prachetas, the two Ashvins, Vahni, Indra, Upeudra, Mitra.
       4. Ida, Pingala, Sushumna, Gandhari, Gajajihva, Pusha, Yasasvini, Alambusha, Kuhu, and Sankhini --are situated in the interior of the body, and are the ten principal Nadis (vains/nerves).
       5. Five prana vayu (gas/wind) are Prana, Apana, Samana, Vyana and Udana which functions in the following areas of body: in the heart, Prana; in the anus, Apana; in the navel, Samana; in the region of the throat, Udana; and distributed all over the body, Vyana. The air called Vyana carries the essentials in all the Nadis.
       6. There are five other prana vayus viz. Naga, Kurma, Krikala, Devadatta and Dhananjaya.  Naga is the air that regulates burping (hiccupping, vomiting); Kurma is the upaprana that controls contracting movements e.g. blinking. Krikala is the upaprana that governs sneezing. Devadatta controls yawning. Dhananjaya controls the functioning of heart valves. Pranayama – the specialized yogic technique of deep breathing. 
          
    2. The body consists of thirty-five millions of hairs of the body, seven hundred thousands of hairs of the head, it is said, and twenty nails;  thirty-two teeth usually, the flesh is said to be one thousand palas (i.e. foliage), blood one hundred palas; Fat is ten palas; skin is seven palas, marrow is twelve palas; the "great blood" is three palas; Seed is known to be two kudavas; ovum one kudava; and bones in the body are said to be three hundred and sixty; the nadis, both dense and subtle, number tens of million; bile is fifty palas; phlegm is half of that. (15/147/47-52).
    3. In the Paramarthika body, there are six chakras in which are said to be located the attributes of the egg of Brahma. (15/147/54)
    4. There are fourteen worlds designated in body - below the feet is called Atala; above the feet, Vitala; at the knees know it as Sutala; at the thighs Mahatala; at the hips, Talatala; at the secret part Rasatala; at the loins (thighs) Patala; these are declared to be the seven worlds: Bhuloka, at the middle of the navel; above it the Bhuvarloka; in the heart, Svarloka; at the throat it should be known as Maharloka; Janaloka, in the region of the mouth; Tapolaka, at the forehead; Satyaloka in the Brahmarandhra. (15/148/56-59)
    5.  The Sun and Planets are at designated places in the body - the sun is situated in the Nada (sound) chakra; the moon is in the Bindu (located where the bones of the back and sides of the skull meet) chakra; Mars is situated in the eyes; Mercury is in the heart, Jupiter is in the Vishnu-sthana, Venus is situated in the seed (virile energy); Saturn is in the navel; Rahu, in the face, Ketu is situated in the lungs. (15/149/66-68)

 
Reference:

1. Garuda Gurana, Gita Press Gorakhpur.
2. https://www.hinduwebsite.com/