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Principles

Four Purushartha - Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksha
16.11.2019

As per Hinduism, Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksha are the four Purusharthas or purposes of human life. Purushartha is a composite Sanskrit word of Purusha and Artha. Purusha means person and artha means purpose. Dharma means righteousness, virtues, moral values; Artha, means prosperity, wealth, economic values; Kama in its narrow sense denotes to sexual desire, but in its broader sense it stands for all sensual pleasures and Moksha means self-realization. The doctrine of Purusharthas has its roots in Vedas and Upanishads.

The order of four Purusharthas viz. 1) Dharma, 2) Artha, 3) Kama and 4) Moksha; has special significance. It emphasizes that in every aspect of life Dharma is most important and the ultimate goal of human life is Moksha.

Dharma:
Dharma comes first. Artha and Kama are universal to all living beings. It is Dharma which differentiates human beings from rest of the living beings. Dharma is the rightful way of living. It prescribes the duties, rightful conduct & behavior of the person in various relationships, for society and for the universe. Dharma is responsible for order, regularity, harmony, control, predictability and accountability. If Dharma is ignored, Artha and Kama profit and pleasure respectively lead to social chaos. If Artha and Kama are consumed within parameters of Dharma, he shall not feel miseries.
 
Artha:
Artha comes next. Material wealth is essential for the physical safety, overall happiness and well-being of an individual. It includes career, skills, health, wealth, prosperity and means of fulfilling life. Artha is not only for security & material pleasure but also to uphold Dharma and help the members of his family and society achieve their goals. In Hindu scriptures, Artha has three types viz. Lakshmi, Mahalakshmi and Alakshmi.
 
  1. Lakshmi – Wealth earned through proper as well as improper means. It would be used properly as well as misused.
  2. Mahalakshmi – Wealth earned ethically (dharma). It would be used for good work.
  3. Alakshmi – Wealth earned through improper means. It would expended in luxuries and bring unrest.
 
Hinduism advocates austerity, simplicity and detachment. Wealth is not an impediment to self-realization, but attachment to wealth is. To earn Artha, five means are mentioned viz. blessings of parents, grace of Guru, hard-work (उद्धम), which has commenced (प्रारब्ध) and grace of almighty.
 
Kama:
Kama comes next to Artha. Kama often implies the short form of the word kamana (desire, appetition or appetite). According to the Bhagavad Gita, desire leads delusion and bondage to the cycle of births and deaths. The way out of suffering is to become detached from the sense objects through such practices as yoga and meditation and perform desire less actions as sacrificial offerings to God with a sense of duty, accepting God as the doer and without hankering after the fruit of one's actions.
 
As per Hinduism, Kama resides in eleven locations viz. five organs of senses, five organs of actions and manas (मन). The Mahabharata claims Kama to be any agreeable and desirable experience i.e. "pleasure" generated by the interaction of one or more of the five senses with anything congenial to that sense and while the mind is concurrently in harmony with the other goals of human life dharma, Artha and moksha.
 
Desires and longings of several lives have accumulated in manas (मन). These cannot be destroyed completely. Desires and longings move like abandoned horse. However, if used intelligently, sense organs will be healthy till death.
 
Without patience and virtues, one cannot enjoy wealth. Kama does not troubles, who thinks and meditates Shri Krishna (almighty) continuously. When one is secluded (alone) and wins over Kama, he is victorious. If one follows the prescribed boundaries of dharma, wisdom appears.
 
Sexual desire is the ultimate of all desires and unless it is overcome one is not free from the taints of Maya. Sin, first enters through eyes. Once eyes corrupt then manas (मन) corrupts and later life and name spoils. Hence, never allow kama to enter into eyes. Person commits more sin through manas and eyes. The root cause of sexual desire is resolve. Sexual desire increases anger. It appears in seclusion. So, one should do japa and bhajan in seclusion.  
By serving almighty, gradually differentiation of manhood and womanhood goes and gopika attitude sprouts.
Moksha:
Moksha comes last. Moksha means liberation, realization of the self and is the ultimate destination of this human birth. It refers to freedom from the cycle of birth, death and rebirth.
 
Mahaprabhu says, one who triumphs over prakriti (nature), he gets moksha. Nature means temperament.
 
Shukdev ji says, for moksha, enjoyments have to be left. Enjoyer cannot progress on the path of wisdom or divine love. Renunciation gives more pleasure than that of enjoyment. Enjoyment is momentary. But renunciation gives infinite happiness. Enjoyment is not peace giving. Renunciation is peace giving. Entire animal world including human beings enjoy similar sensual pleasure. Birth as human being is successful only when not second birth takes place. It is hell for fetus during pregnancy. 
 
Living beings are formed of three attributes viz. sattva, rajas and tamas. To become attribute less, one has to get separated from all the three attributes. Rajas attribute generates kama (sexual desire) and krodha (anger). By Rajas attribute eliminate tamas attribute. By sattva attribute eliminate rajas attribute. Sattva attribute is also binding. So in last, it is necessary renunciation of sattva attribute.  When one gets connected with Jivatma and becomes attribute less, he attains Brahman.
LIST OF ARTICLES PUBLISHED

125 Articles Published- CATEGORIES - Principles, Philosophy, Hindu Symbols & Customs, Puja System, Deities, Philosophers &Bhakts, Travel & Teeratha, Festivals, Stories - Wisdom, Shrimad Bhagavad Gita, Ramcharitramanas.  


  1. Principles of Hinduism - 16
    1. The Holistic Approach for Self-Development – on 17.09.2017
    2. Principle of Social & Universal Development – on 05.01.2018
    3. What is Hinduism (two articles) – on 16.10.2017
    4. Evolution of life – on 21.02.2018
    5. Bondage of Soul – 2.3.2018
    6. Liberation of Soul – 10.03.2018
    7. What is God in Hinduism – 24.06.2018
    8. What is Moksha or Mukti – 08.07.2018
    9. Happiness to Absolute Bliss – 31.08.2018
    10. DNA & Soul - 06.04.2019
    11. What is Soul or Atman – the Experiencer or Existence or the Being - 29.06.2019
    12. ​Cosmology & Chemistry in Rig Veda - 17.08.2019
    13. Arpan, Tarpan and Samarpan - 25.08.2019
    14. Software in Brain and Hinduism - 19.10.2019
    15. Four Purushartha - Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksha - 16.11.2019
      ​
  2. Philosophy - 24
    1. Shad Darshan – on 30.11.2017
    2. Snatan Dharma – The Eternal Faith – on 30.11.2017
    3. Elements of Vedanta – on 30.11.2017
    4. Ashtang Yoga – A way to enlightenment – on 10.03.2018
    5. Jnana Yoga – Path of Knowledge – on 28.04.18
    6. Bhakti Yoga – on 09.05.18
    7. Karma Yoga –I am not doer – 05.06.2018
    8. Mantras – a key to Health, Happiness, Peace & Prosperity – 11.06.2018
    9. Nyaya Darshan – The logic & Spirituality – 28.07.2018
    10. Vaisheshika Darshan – The Atomic theory & Spirituality – 13.8.2018
    11. Vedanta Darshan or Brahma Sutra – key of Upanishads – 24.8.2018
    12. Patanjali Yoga Darshan –The Practical steps to Bliss & Powers – 08.09.2018  
    13. Samkhya Darshan – the wisdom & liberation - 21.09.2018
    14. Purva or Karma Mimansa Darshan – The Vedic Rituals - 28.09.2018
    15. Ashtavakra Gita – the Body, Mind & Jivatma - 12.01.2019
    16. Ashtavakra Gita – Spiritual Experience of Raja Janaka - 9.2.2019
    17. The Path of Moksha - Ashtavakra Gita - 09.03.2019​
    18. ​Ancient Texts in Hinduism - 04.05.2019
    19. Ashtavakra Gita – the Enlightenment or Spiritual Wisdom - 11.05.2019
    20. Ashtavakra Gita – the Liberated or Mukt Person    ​- 06.07.2019
    21. Life, Death, After Death & Rebirth - Garuda Purana - 07.09.2019
    22. Anatomy of Body & Atman - Garuda Purana - 14.09.2019
    23. Liberation from Cycles of Rebirth - Garuda Purana ​- 22.09.2019
    24. Yajnavalkya on Vedic Yajna or Fire-Sacrifice - 05.10.2019

  3. Hindu Symbols & Customs - 4
    1. Symbols – on 13.10.2017  
    2. ​Sanskars – the vedic rituals at each life stages – on 07.10.2017
    3. Hindu Traditions & Social Practices - 19.10.2018
    4. Hindu Traditions – Zenith of civilization - 30.03.2019
      ​
  4.  Puja System - 12
    1.  Puja – Beginning of Spiritual journey – on 09.10.2017
    2. ॐ – The AUM Mantra – 14.07.2018
    3. Gayatri Mantra – the seed of Bliss – 21.07.2018
    4. Yajna, Havan, Homa & Yagya – The Fire Rituals – 05.08.2018
    5. Chanting of Mantra – The practical aspects – 14.9.2018
    6. Why Prayer or Worship - 08.12.2018
    7. Act of giving - Charity, Donation or दान - 03.02.2019​
    8. Tantra – the Advanced Spiritual Science - 22.02.2019
    9. Yantra – the Energy Diagrams - 23.03.2019
    10. Emergence of Diverse Modes of Worship in Hinduism - 01.06.2019
    11. ​Fasting, Vrata (व्रत) & Upvas (उपवास) - 15.06.2019
    12. ​Tapas (तप्) (Penance or Austerity) - 13.07.2019
  5. Deities, Philosphers & Bhakts in Hinduism - 11
    1. Shiva – The Mahakaal – 07.10.2017
    2. Shiva Lingam – The Omnipotent – on 08.10.2017
    3. Bhagwan Vishnu – on 21.01.2018
    4. Avtars of Bhagwan Vishnu – on 21.01.2018
    5. Philosophers of Vaishnavism Movement – on 09.02.2018
    6. Vaishnava Bhakts – on 2.3.2018  
    7. Ashtavakra – the Self-Realised Saint - on 15.12.2018
    8. Jai Shree Hanuman – the Chiranjeevi - on 22.12.2018
    9. Jai Bajrangbali – Perfect combination of Power, Intellect & Devotion - 30.12.2018
    10. Shree Hanuman – the Sankat Mochan - 27.01.2019
    11. Emergence of various forms Deities in Hinduism - 16.03.2019
  6. Travel & Teratha - 6
    1. Shiv Dham – a way to moksha – on 08.10.2018
    2. Popular ancient Temples of Shree Vishnu & its Avatars – 09.02.2018
    3. Hindu Temples – The Charging Stations – on 21.02.2018
    4. Temples of Shree Hanuman - 13.04.2019
    5. Teerath or Pilgrimage in Hinduism & Divinity-08.06.2019
    6. Popular Temples in Hindustan - 10.08.2019
  7. Festivals in  Hinduism - 15
    1. Raksha Bandhan – on 09.10.2017
    2. Haryali Teej – on 09.10.2017
    3. Vasant (or Basant Panchami) – on 05.02.2018
    4. Gudi Padwa – on 17.03.2018
    5. Ram Navami – on 17.03.2018
    6. Baisakhi – on 31.03.2018
    7. Holi – Festival of Colours, love & Friendship – on 07.04.2018
    8. Makar Sakranti – – Festival of kites, bullfights & bonfires 07.04.2018
    9. Krishna Janamashtmi – Birthday of Shree Krishna – 21.04.2018
    10. Ganesh Chaturthi – Festival for wisdom & Prosperity – 21.04.2018
    11. Navaratri – Festival of victory of good over evil – 28.04.2018
    12. Vijay Dashmi or Dussehra – 09.05.2018
    13. Bhai Dooj – Festival of Brothers & Sisters – 06.05.2018
    14. Why Festivals –tool of celebrations – 19.08.2018
    15. Pitru Paksha (Shraddha)–a Period for departed Ancestors - 06.10.2018
       
  8. Stories – The wisdom -9
  • Story of Nachiketa & Yama – The Soul & Brahman – 17.06.2018
  • Story of Shukdevji & King Janaka – The detachment – 01.07.2018 
  • Samundra Manthan during journey of life - 27.04.2019
  • Story of Yajnavalkya, Janaka and 1000 cows - 31.08.2019
  • The stories of 24 Avatars of Bhagwan Vishnu - 28.09.19​
  • ​The Story of Atamdev and Dhundhukari - 12.10.19
  • Story of Gajendra Moksha - 27.10.2019
  • story of Namdev ji and Shri Vitdalnath ji. - 02.11.2019
  • The story of Kali and Parikshit - 09.11.2019

9. Shrimad Bhagavad Gita - 15
  1. ​Bhagavad Gita - Decision Making - 12.10.2018
  2. The Bhagavad Gita – the Karma Yoga - 26.10.2018
  3. The Bhagavad Gita – Creation & Dissolution of Universe - 02.11.2018
  4. The Bhagavad Gita – Path of Jnana Yoga (ज्ञान योग) - 12.11.2018
  5. The Bhagavad Gita – Path of Devotion & Bhakti Yoga (भक्ति योग) - 17.11.2018
  6. The Bhagavad Gita – the Dhyan or Raja or Kriya Yoga (राज योग / ध्यान योग) - 23.11.2018
  7. The Bhagavad Gita – the Sanyasa Yoga (सन्यास योग) - 01.12.2018
  8. The Shrimad Bhagavad Gita – Varnas or Caste-System - 05.01.2019
  9. Who is Ascetic (तपस्वी) - The Bhagavad Gita - 20.04.2019
  10. ​The Bhagavad Gita – the Karma Yogi - 20.01.2019
  11. Who is Almighty - The Bhagavad Gita - 17.02.2019
  12. Who is Demonic Person - The Shrimad Bhagavad Gita - 28.05.2019
  13. Who is Devotee (भक्त) - The Bhagavad Gita - 22.06.2019
  14. Who is Royal (Rajasica) Person - The Shrimad Bhagavad Gita ​- 21.07.2019
  15. Who is Person of Wisdom - The Shrimad Bhagavad Gita - 03.08.2019
10. Ramcharitra Manas -12

  1. Sri Ram Charitra Manas (Code of Spiritual Knowledge) – on 09.10.2017
  2. Who is Bhakt (Devotee) – 09,10,2017
  3. Bhakt v/s Gyani & Vairagi – 09.10.2017
  4. Bhakti (Devotion) – on 09.10.2017
  5. Gyan (Spiritual Wisdom) – on 09.10.2017
  6. Who is Happy Person – on 09.10.2017
  7. What is Maya (Illusion) – 09.10.2017
  8. Navdha Bhakti (nine forms of Devotion) – 09.10.2017
  9. Saint v/s Wicked – 09.10.2017
  10. Attributes of Saint (संत) – on 09.10.2017
  11. Who is Vairagi (Dispassion)
  12. Why chanting of Sunder-Kanda so popular - 27.07.2019

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